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The growing challenges of scaling digital computing motivate new approaches, especially through the dynamical evolution of physical systems that mimic neural networks and combinatorial optimization problems. While light is a hyper efficient…

The binary Defect Combination Problem consists in finding a fully working subset from a given ensemble of imperfect binary components. We determine the typical properties of the model using methods of statistical mechanics, in particular,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Damien Challet , Isaac Perez Castillo

We present a new way to make Ising machines, i.e., using networks of coupled self-sustaining nonlinear oscillators. Our scheme is theoretically rooted in a novel result that establishes that the phase dynamics of coupled oscillator systems,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Tianshi Wang , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Ising machines are a form of quantum-inspired processing-in-memory computer which has shown great promise for overcoming the limitations of traditional computing paradigms while operating at a fraction of the energy use. The process of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Isaac K. Martin , Andrew G. Moore , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer , Teresa M. Ranadive

Hard combinatorial optimization problems, often mapped to Ising models, promise potential solutions with quantum advantage but are constrained by limited qubit counts in near-term devices. We present an innovative quantum-inspired framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Co Tran , Quoc-Bao Tran , Hy Truong Son , Thang N Dinh

The central question of systems biology is to understand how individual components of a biological system such as genes or proteins cooperate in emerging phenotypes resulting in the evolution of diseases. As living cells are open systems in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-20 Jeyashree Krishnan , Reza Torabi , Edoardo Di Napoli , Andreas Schuppert

Ising machines can solve combinatorial optimization problems by representing them as energy minimization problems. A common implementation is the probabilistic Ising machine (PIM), which uses probabilistic (p-) bits to represent coupled…

Ising machines have attracted attention as efficient solvers for combinatorial optimization problems, which are formulated as ground-state (lowest-energy) search problems of the Ising model. Due to the limited bit-width of coefficients on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-09-20 Shuta Kikuchi , Nozomu Togawa , Shu Tanaka

Finding the ground states of the Ising Hamiltonian [1] maps to various combinatorial optimization problems in biology, medicine, wireless communications, artificial intelligence, and social network. So far no efficient classical and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Alireza Marandi , Zhe Wang , Kenta Takata , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Due to an extremely rugged structure of the free energy landscape, the determination of spin-glass ground states is among the hardest known optimization problems, found to be NP-hard in the most general case. Owing to the specific structure…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2011-11-10 Martin Weigel

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

Ising machines, hardware accelerators for combinatorial optimization and probabilistic sampling problems, have gained significant interest recently. A key element is stochasticity, which enables a wide exploration of configurations, thereby…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-23 Kyle Lee , Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari

Interest in non-algorithmic, unconventional computing is rising in recent years due to more and more apparent short comings of classic stored-program digital computers, such as energy efficiency, degree of parallelism in computations, clock…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Shrish Roy , Bernd Ulmann

Combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped onto Ising models, and their ground state is generally difficult to find. A lot of heuristics for these problems have been proposed, and one promising approach is to use continuous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-03 Shintaro Sato

Recent advancements in quantum computing and quantum-inspired algorithms have sparked renewed interest in binary optimization. These hardware and software innovations promise to revolutionize solution times for complex problems. In this…

The design of nonlinear dynamical systems whose gradient flows minimize the Ising Hamiltonian has emerged as a compelling paradigm for realizing Ising machines, forming the foundation of architectures including coherent Ising machines,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Arvind R. Venkatakrishnan , Francesco Bullo , Nikhil Shukla

The intrinsic energy minimization in dynamical systems offers a valuable tool for minimizing the objective functions of computationally challenging problems in combinatorial optimization. However, most prior works have focused on mapping…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Antik Mallick , Avik W. Ghosh , Nikhil Shukla

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

Physical Ising machines rely on nature to guide a dynamical system towards an optimal state which can be read out as a heuristical solution to a combinatorial optimization problem. Such designs that use nature as a computing mechanism can…

Combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive across science and industry. Modern deep learning tools are poised to solve these problems at unprecedented scales, but a unifying framework that incorporates insights from statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Martin J. A. Schuetz , J. Kyle Brubaker , Helmut G. Katzgraber