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The spatiotemporal nature of neuronal behavior in spiking neural networks (SNNs) make SNNs promising for edge applications that require high energy efficiency. To realize SNNs in hardware, spintronic neuron implementations can bring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Thomas Leonard , Samuel Liu , Harrison Jin , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

When fabricating magnetic memories, one of the main challenges is to maintain the bit stability while downscaling. Indeed, for magnetic volumes of a few thousand nm3, the energy barrier between magnetic configurations becomes comparable to…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-05-24 A. Mizrahi , N. Locatelli , R. Lebrun , V. Cros , A. Fukushima , H. Kubota , S. Yuasa , D. Querlioz , J. Grollier

The inherent stochasticity in many nano-scale devices makes them prospective candidates for low-power computations. Such devices have been demonstrated to exhibit probabilistic switching between two stable states to achieve stochastic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Indranil Chakraborty , Amogh Agrawal , Kaushik Roy

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are key elements in practical spintronics, enabling not only conventional tasks such as data storage, transmission, and processing but also the implementation of compute-in-memory processing elements,…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Maksim Stebliy , Alex Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Ricardo Ferreira

We present micromagnetic simulations and experiments on voltage-assisted field switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer, where the magnetic state of one sublayer is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 K. Fan , S. V. Beek , G. Talmelli , V. Kateel , D. Giuliano , B. Vermeulen , K. Cai , B. Sorée , J. D. Boeck , R. Carpenter , S. Rao , S. Couet , V. D. Nguyen , G. S. Kar

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics has emerged as a subfield of spintronics, where an AFM N\'eel vector is used as a state variable. Efficient electric control and detection of the N\'eel vector are critical for spintronic applications.…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-07 Ding-Fu Shao , Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

We use three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) designed for field-free switching by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) to systematically study the impact of dual voltage pulses on the switching performances. We show that the concurrent…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-03 Viola Krizakova , Eva Grimaldi , Kevin Garello , Giacomo Sala , Sebastien Couet , Gouri Sankar Kar , Pietro Gambardella

Antiferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions (AFMTJs) offer picosecond switching and high integration density for in-memory computing, but their ultrafast dynamics and low tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) make state-of-the-art MRAM interfaces…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yousuf Choudhary , Tosiron Adegbija

The role of universal memory can be successfully satisfied by magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) where the writing mechanism is based on spin-transfer torque (STT). An improvement in the switching properties (lower switching current density…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Riccardo Tomasello , Vito Puliafito , Bruno Azzerboni , Giovanni Finocchio

We demonstrate excitation of ferromagnetic resonance in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) by the combined action of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) and spin transfer torque (ST). Our measurements reveal that…

A theoretical study on how synchronization and resonance-like phenomena in superparamagnetic tunnel junctions can be driven by spin-transfer torques is presented. We examine the magnetization of a superparamagnetic free layer that reverses…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Artur Accioly , Nicolas Locatelli , Alice Mizrahi , Damien Querlioz , Luis G. Pereira , Julie Grollier , Joo-Von Kim

A non-volatile SRAM cell is proposed for low power applications using Spin Transfer Torque-Magnetic Tunnel Junction (STT-MTJ) devices. This novel cell offers non-volatile storage, thus allowing selected blocks of SRAM to be switched off…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Kanika Monga , Akul Malhotra , Nitin Chaturvedi , S. Gurunayaranan

Owing to high device density, scalability and non-volatility, Magnetic Tunnel Junction-based crossbars have garnered significant interest for implementing the weights of an artificial neural network. The existence of only two stable states…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Ankit Mondal , Ankur Srivastava

We present a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) where its two ferromagnetic layers are in the form of a single ellipse (SE) and two-crossing ellipses (TCE). The MTJ exhibits four distinct resistance states corresponding to the four remanent…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-21 Shubhankar Das , Ariel Zaig , Moty Schultz , Susana Cardoso , Diana C Leitao , Lior Klein

Neuromorphic hardware as a non-Von Neumann architecture has better energy efficiency and parallelism than the conventional computer. Here, with numerical modeling spin-orbit torque (SOT) device using current-induced SOT and Joule heating…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Haotian Li , Liyuan Li , Kaiyuan Zhou , Chunjie Yan , Zhenyu Gao , Zishuang Li , Ronghua Liu

Switching magnetization in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) via voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has shown the potential to markedly reduce the switching energy. However, the requirement of an external magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-18 Jiefang Deng , Gengchiau Liang , Gaurav Gupta

This paper presents a physics-based modeling framework for the analysis and transient simulation of circuits containing Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices. The framework provides the tools to analyze the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Fernando García-Redondo , Pranay Prabhat , Mudit Bhargava , Cyrille Dray

Electric control of spins has been a longstanding goal in the field of solid state physics due to the potential for increased efficiency in information processing. This efficiency can be optimized by transferring spintronics to the atomic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Piotr Kot , Maneesha Ismail , Robert Drost , Janis Siebrecht , Haonan Huang , Christian R. Ast

Spin-triplet Cooper pairs induced in ferromagnets form the centrepiece of the emerging field of superconducting spintronics [1,2]. Usually the focus of research is on the spin polarization of the triplets, potentially enabling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Kaveh Lahabi , Morten Amundsen , Jabir Ali Ouassou , Ewout Beukers , Menno Pleijster , Jacob Linder , Paul Alkemade , Jan Aarts

We propose an all-electric implementation of a precessionally switched perpendicular magnetic anisotropy magneto-tunneling-junction (p-MTJ) based toggle memory cell where data is written with voltage-controlled-magnetic-anisotropy (VCMA)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Justine L. Drobitch , Md Ahsanul Abeed , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay