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This paper investigates the strategic decision-making capabilities of three Large Language Models (LLMs): GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMa-2, within the framework of game theory. Utilizing four canonical two-player games -- Prisoner's Dilemma,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Nunzio Lorè , Babak Heydari

The pervasive uncertainty and dynamic nature of real-world environments present significant challenges for the widespread implementation of machine-driven Intelligent Decision-Making (IDM) systems. Consequently, IDM should possess the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Ying Wen , Ziyu Wan , Ming Zhou , Shufang Hou , Zhe Cao , Chenyang Le , Jingxiao Chen , Zheng Tian , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

This work is devoted to unresolved problems of Artificial General Intelligence - the inefficiency of transfer learning. One of the mechanisms that are used to solve this problem in the area of reinforcement learning is a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Andrey Gorodetskiy , Alexandra Shlychkova , Aleksandr I. Panov

In the past few years, deep reinforcement learning has been proven to solve problems which have complex states like video games or board games. The next step of intelligent agents would be able to generalize between tasks, and using prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Shu-Hsuan Hsu , I-Chao Shen , Bing-Yu Chen

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a viable approach to enhance a player's experience in video games. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have been employed for DDA in non-competitive games; nevertheless, they rely solely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Masoud Rahimi , Hadi Moradi , Abdol-hossein Vahabie , Hamed Kebriaei

As microstructure property models improve, additional information from crystallographic degrees of freedom and grain boundary networks (GBNs) can be included in microstructure design problems. However, the high dimensional nature of…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-12-23 Christopher W. Adair , Oliver K. Johnson

Diffusion models have achieved great success in image generation, with the backbone evolving from U-Net to Vision Transformers. However, the computational cost of Transformers is quadratic to the number of tokens, leading to significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Yao Teng , Yue Wu , Han Shi , Xuefei Ning , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Although deep reinforcement learning methods can learn effective policies for challenging problems such as Atari games and robotics tasks, algorithms are complex, and training times are often long. This study investigates how Evolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Annie Wong , Jacob de Nobel , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Anna V. Kononova

Mamba, a special case of the State Space Model, is gaining popularity as an alternative to template-based deep learning approaches in medical image analysis. While transformers are powerful architectures, they have drawbacks, including…

In multivariate time-series forecasting (MTSF), extracting the temporal correlations of the input sequences is crucial. While popular Transformer-based predictive models can perform well, their quadratic computational complexity results in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shusen Ma , Yu Kang , Peng Bai , Yun-Bo Zhao

Multispectral oriented object detection faces challenges due to both inter-modal and intra-modal discrepancies. Recent studies often rely on transformer-based models to address these issues and achieve cross-modal fusion detection. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Minghang Zhou , Tianyu Li , Chaofan Qiao , Dongyu Xie , Guoqing Wang , Ningjuan Ruan , Lin Mei , Yang Yang

Reinforcement learning in multiagent systems has been studied in the fields of economic game theory, artificial intelligence and statistical physics by developing an analytical understanding of the learning dynamics (often in relation to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Wolfram Barfuss , Jonathan F. Donges , Jürgen Kurths

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have led to recent successes in solving complex games, such as Atari or Starcraft, and to a huge impact in real-world applications, such as cybersecurity or autonomous driving. In the side of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Rubén Majadas , Javier García , Fernando Fernández

Transformers are the current architecture of choice for NLP, but their attention layers do not scale well to long contexts. Recent works propose to replace attention with linear recurrent layers -- this is the case for state space models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hugo Pitorro , Pavlo Vasylenko , Marcos Treviso , André F. T. Martins

In the realm of time series forecasting (TSF), it is imperative for models to adeptly discern and distill hidden patterns within historical time series data to forecast future states. Transformer-based models exhibit formidable efficacy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zihan Wang , Fanheng Kong , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Han Zhao , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

To solve complex real-world problems with reinforcement learning, we cannot rely on manually specified reward functions. Instead, we can have humans communicate an objective to the agent directly. In this work, we combine two approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Borja Ibarz , Jan Leike , Tobias Pohlen , Geoffrey Irving , Shane Legg , Dario Amodei

In multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF), existing strategies for processing sequences are typically categorized as channel-independent and channel-mixing. The former treats all temporal information of each variable as a token,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Bing Fan , Shusen Ma , Yun-Bo Zhao , Yu Kang

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Transformers for long-context sequence modeling, offering linear $O(N)$ computational complexity compared to the Transformer's quadratic $O(N^2)$ scaling. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Abidemi Koledoye , Chinemerem Unachukwu , Gold Nwobu , Hasin Rana

This study conducts a comparative analysis of three advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning models: Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), and Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C), within the BreakOut Atari game environment. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Neil De La Fuente , Daniel A. Vidal Guerra

One of the most prominent methods for explaining the behavior of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents is the generation of saliency maps that show how much each pixel attributed to the agents' decision. However, there is no work that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Tobias Huber , Benedikt Limmer , Elisabeth André
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