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We introduce a new cohomology theory for planar trivalent graphs with perfect matchings. The graded Euler characteristic of the cohomology is a one variable polynomial called the 2-factor polynomial that, if nonzero when evaluated at one,…
A {\it star-factor} of a graph $G$ is a spanning subgraph of $G$ such that each component of which is a star. Recently, Hartnell and Rall studied a family $\mathscr{U}$ of graphs satisfying the property that every star-factor of a member…
We consider the problem of finding a subgraph of a given graph minimizing the sum of given functions at vertices evaluated at their subgraph degrees. While the problem is NP-hard already for bipartite graphs when the functions are convex on…
We devise the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for finding an integral multi-commodity flow of maximum total value for instances where the supply graph together with the demand edges can be embedded on an orientable surface of…
A graph is \emph{well-dominated} if all of its minimal dominating sets have the same cardinality. We prove that at least one of the factors is well-dominated if the Cartesian product of two graphs is well-dominated. In addition, we show…
A graph is called equimatchable if all of its maximal matchings have the same size. Due to Eiben and Kotrb\v{c}\'{i}k,, any connected graph with odd order and independence number $\alpha(G)$ at most $2$ is equimatchable. Akbari et al.…
In this paper, we formally introduce the concept of a row-sum matrix over an arbitrary group $G$. When $G$ is cyclic, these types of matrices have been widely used to build uniform 2-factorizations of small Cayley graphs (or, Cayley…
We introduces the umodules, a generalisation of the notion of graph module. The theory we develop captures among others undirected graphs, tournaments, digraphs, and $2-$structures. We show that, under some axioms, a unique decomposition…
Given a signing $\sigma\colon E(K_{n,n})\to\{-1,+1\}$ of the complete bipartite graph, when does $K_{n,n}$ admit a $1$-factorization in which every perfect matching has discrepancy bounded below by a positive absolute constant? Unlike the…
In a confluence of combinatorics and geometry, simultaneous representations provide a way to realize combinatorial objects that share common structure. A standard case in the study of simultaneous representations is the sunflower case where…
A $biased\ graph$ is a pair $(G,\mathcal{B})$, where $G$ is a graph and $\mathcal{B}$ is a collection of `balanced' circuits of $G$ such that no $\Theta$-subgraph of $G$ contains precisely two balanced circuits. We prove a Ramsey-type…
In the past few decades, quantum algorithms have become a popular research area of both mathematicians and engineers. Among them, uniform mixing provides a uniform probability distribution of quantum information over time which attracts a…
In this paper we show that for any fusion $\mathcal{B}$ of an association scheme $\mathcal{A}$, the generalized Hamming scheme $H(n,\mathcal{B})$ is a nontrivial fusion of $H(n,\mathcal{A})$. We analyze the case where $\mathcal{A}$ is the…
In this paper we determine partial answers to the question given in the title, thereby significantly extending results of Broere and Hattingh. We characterize completely those pairs of complete graphs whose tensor products are circulant. We…
This paper is devoted to study the generic fold-fold singularity of Filippov systems on the plane, its unfoldings and its Sotomayor-Teixeira regularization. We work with general Filippov systems and provide the bifurcation diagrams of the…
We show that every edge in a 2-edge-connected planar cubic graph is either contained in a 2-edge-cut or is a chord of some cycle that is contained in a 2-factor of the graph. As a consequence, we show that every edge in a cyclically…
Based on a recent development in the area of error control coding, we introduce the notion of convolutional factor graphs (CFGs) as a new class of probabilistic graphical models. In this context, the conventional factor graphs are referred…
El-Zanati et al proved that for any 1-factorization $\mathcal{F}$ of the complete uniform hypergraph $\mathcal {G}=K_{rn}^{(r)}$ with $r\geq 2$ and $n\geq 3$, there is a rainbow 1-factor. We generalize their result and show that in any…
Generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups (GBS groups) are groups that act on trees with infinite cyclic edge and vertex stabilizers. Such an action is described by a labeled graph (essentially, the quotient graph of groups). This paper addresses…
Any rational number can be factored into a product of several rationals whose sum vanishes. This simple but nontrivial fact was suggested as a problem on a maths olympiad for high-school students. We completely solve similar questions in…