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Convex functions and their gradients play a critical role in mathematical imaging, from proximal optimization to Optimal Transport. The successes of deep learning has led many to use learning-based methods, where fixed functions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Anne Gagneux , Mathurin Massias , Emmanuel Soubies , Rémi Gribonval

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

Complex networks are ubiquitous to several Computer Science domains. Centrality measures are an important analysis mechanism to uncover vital elements of complex networks. However, these metrics have high computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Felipe Grando , Lisando Z. Granville , Luis C. Lamb

In-band full-duplex systems allow for more efficient use of temporal and spectral resources by transmitting and receiving information at the same time and on the same frequency. However, this creates a strong self-interference signal at the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-17 Andreas Toftegaard Kristensen , Andreas Burg , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming

Activation functions play a vital role in the training of Convolutional Neural Networks. For this reason, to develop efficient and performing functions is a crucial problem in the deep learning community. Key to these approaches is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Gianluca Maguolo , Loris Nanni , Stefano Ghidoni

We consider functions from the real numbers to the real numbers, output by a neural network with 1 hidden activation layer, arbitrary width, and ReLU activation function. We assume that the parameters of the neural network are chosen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 David Holmes

The un-rectifying technique expresses a non-linear point-wise activation function as a data-dependent variable, which means that the activation variable along with its input and output can all be employed in optimization. The ReLU network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wen-Liang Hwang , Shih-Shuo Tung

In this work, we consider the approximation of a large class of bounded functions, with minimal regularity assumptions, by ReLU neural networks. We show that the approximation error can be bounded from above by a quantity proportional to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Owen Davis , Gianluca Geraci , Mohammad Motamed

This work provides a thorough study on how reward scaling can affect performance of deep reinforcement learning agents. In particular, we would like to answer the question that how does reward scaling affect non-saturating ReLU networks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Yueh-Hua Wu , Fan-Yun Sun , Yen-Yu Chang , Shou-De Lin

Common to all different kinds of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is the intention to model relations between data points through time. When there is no immediate relationship between subsequent data points (like when the data points are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Steffen Illium , Thore Schillman , Robert Müller , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) achieved unprecedented performance in many low-level vision tasks. However, state-of-the-art results are typically achieved by very deep networks, which can reach tens of layers with tens of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Idan Kligvasser , Tamar Rott Shaham , Tomer Michaeli

The training process of ReLU neural networks often exhibits complicated nonlinear phenomena. The nonlinearity of models and non-convexity of loss pose significant challenges for theoretical analysis. Therefore, most previous theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Mingze Wang , Chao Ma

Neural networks with random weights appear in a variety of machine learning applications, most prominently as the initialization of many deep learning algorithms and as a computationally cheap alternative to fully learned neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Sjoerd Dirksen , Martin Genzel , Laurent Jacques , Alexander Stollenwerk

Approximation and learning of classifiers of large data sets by neural networks in terms of high-dimensional geometry and statistical learning theory are investigated. The influence of the VC dimension of sets of input-output functions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Vera Kurkova , Marcello Sanguineti

"Deep Learning"/"Deep Neural Nets" is a technological marvel that is now increasingly deployed at the cutting-edge of artificial intelligence tasks. This dramatic success of deep learning in the last few years has been hinged on an enormous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Anirbit Mukherjee

In this paper we investigate formal verification of extracted rules for Neural Networks under a complexity theoretic point of view. A rule is a global property or a pattern concerning a large portion of the input space of a network. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Adrian Wurm

It is well-known that neural networks are computationally hard to train. On the other hand, in practice, modern day neural networks are trained efficiently using SGD and a variety of tricks that include different activation functions (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Roi Livni , Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Ohad Shamir

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

Neural networks activated by the rectified linear unit (ReLU) play a central role in the recent development of deep learning. The topic of approximating functions from H\"older spaces by these networks is crucial for understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Tong Mao , Ding-Xuan Zhou

One of the arguments to explain the success of deep learning is the powerful approximation capacity of deep neural networks. Such capacity is generally accompanied by the explosive growth of the number of parameters, which, in turn, leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang
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