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Lov\'asz (1987) proved that every matching covered graph $G$ may be uniquely decomposed into a list of bricks (nonbipartite) and braces (bipartite); we let $b(G)$ denote the number of bricks. An edge $e$ is removable if $G-e$ is also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Nishad Kothari , Marcelo H. de Carvalho , Cláudio L. Lucchesi , Charles H. C. Little

A {\em brick} is a non-bipartite matching covered graph without non-trivial tight cuts. Bricks are building blocks of matching covered graphs. We say that an edge $e$ in a brick $G$ is {\em $b$-invariant} if $G-e$ is matching covered and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-14 Fuliang Lu , Xing Feng , Yan Wang

{ An edge $e$ in a matching covered graph $G$ is {\em removable} if $G-e$ is matching covered, which was introduced by Lov\'asz and Plummer in connection with ear decompositions of matching covered graphs. A {\it brick}} is a non-bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Lu Fuliang , Qian Jianguo

A graph $G$ is a brick if it is 3-connected and $G-\{u,v\}$ has a perfect matching for any two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$. Lucchesi and Murty proposed a problem concerning the characterization of bricks, distinct from $K_4$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Yipei Zhang , Xiumei Wang

A graph $G$ is a brick if it is 3-connected and $G-\{u,v\}$ has a perfect matching for any two distinct vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$. A brick $G$ is solid if for any two vertex disjoint odd cycles $C_1$ and $C_2$ of $G$, $G-(V(C_1)\cup…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Yipei Zhang , Xiumei Wang

An edge $e$ of a matching covered graph $G$ is removable if $G-e$ is also matching covered. The notion of removable edge arises in connection with ear decompositions of matching covered graphs introduced by Lov\'asz and Plummer. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Yipei Zhang , Fuliang Lu , Xiumei Wang , Jinjiang Yuan

An edge e in a matching covered graph G is removable if G-e is matching covered; a pair {e; f} of edges of G is a removable doubleton if G-e-f is matching covered, but neither G-e nor G-f is. Removable edges and removable doubletons are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Fuliang Lu , Jinxin Xue

A connected graph G with at least two vertices is matching covered if each of its edges lies in a perfect matching. We say that an edge e in a matching covered graph G is removable if G-e is matching covered. A pair {e; f} of edges of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Xiaoling He , Fuliang Lu , Jinxin Xue

A cut $C:=\partial(X)$ of a matching covered graph $G$ is a separating cut if both its $C$-contractions $G/X$ and $G/\overline{X}$ are also matching covered. A brick is solid if it is free of nontrivial separating cuts. In 2004, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Cláudio L. Lucchesi , Marcelo H. de Carvalho , Nishad Kothari , U. S. R. Murty

A matching covered graph $G$ is minimal if for each edge $e$ of $G$, $G-e$ is not matching covered. An edge $e$ of a matching covered graph $G$ is removable if $G-e$ is also matching covered. Thus a matching covered graph is minimal if and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Yipei Zhang , Xiumei Wang , Jinjiang Yuan , C. T. Ng , T. C. E. Cheng

A subgraph $G'$ of a graph $G$ is nice if $G-V(G')$ has a perfect matching. Nice subgraphs play a vital role in the theory of ear decomposition and matching minors of matching covered graphs. A vertex $u$ of a cubic graph is nice if $u$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Wuxian Chen , Fuliang Lu , Heping Zhang

A graph $G$ with four or more vertices is called bicritical if the removal of any pair of distinct vertices of $G$ results in a graph with a perfect matching. A bicritical graph is minimal if the deletion of each edge results in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Jing Guo , Hailun Wu , Heping Zhang

A 3-connected graph is a brick if the graph obtained from it by deleting any two distinct vertices has a perfect matching. The importance of bricks stems from the fact that they are building blocks of the matching decomposition procedure of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Fuliang Lu , Huali Pan

Let G be a bridgeless cubic graph. A well-known conjecture of Berge and Fulkerson can be stated as follows: there exist five perfect matchings of G such that each edge of G is contained in at least one of them. Here, we prove that in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo

An edge $e$ of a matching covered graph $G$ is removable if $G-e$ is also matching covered. Carvalho, Lucchesi, and Murty showed that every brick $G$ different from $K_4$ and $\overline{C_6}$ has at least $\Delta-2$ removable edges, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Deyu Wu , Yipei Zhang , Xiumei Wang

A $3$-connected graph $G$ is a brick if, for any two vertices $u$ and $v$, the graph $G-\{u,v\}$ has a perfect matching. Deleting an edge $e$ from a brick $G$ results in a graph with zero, one or two vertices of degree two. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Nishad Kothari

A conjecture of Berge suggests that every bridgeless cubic graph can have its edges covered with at most five perfect matchings. Since three perfect matchings suffice only when the graph in question is $3$-edge-colourable, the rest of cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera

Petersen's seminal work in 1891 asserts that the edge-set of a cubic graph can be covered by distinct perfect matchings if and only if it is bridgeless. Actually, it is known that for a very large fraction of bridgeless cubic graphs, every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-16 Jan Goedgebeur , Davide Mattiolo , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Jarne Renders , Isaak H. Wolf

It is known that every loopless cubic graph is 4-edge choosable. We prove the following strengthened result. Let G be a planar cubic graph having b cut-edges. There exists a set F of at most 5b/2 edges of G with the following property. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-31 Luis Goddyn , Andrea Spencer

We show that every cubic bridgeless graph G has at least 2^(|V(G)|/3656) perfect matchings. This confirms an old conjecture of Lovasz and Plummer. This version of the paper uses a different definition of a burl from the journal version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Louis Esperet , Frantisek Kardos , Andrew King , Daniel Kral , Serguei Norine
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