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We investigate light propagation through materials with periodically modulated gain/loss profile in both transverse and longitudinal directions, i.e. in material with two-dimensional modulation in space. We predict effects of…
We analyze statistical probability distributions of intensities collected by diffraction techniques like Low-Energy Electron Diffraction. A simple theoretical model based in hard-sphere potentials and LEED formalism is investigated for…
The detection of spatially-varying blur without having any information about the blur type is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel effective approach to address the blur detection problem from a single image without…
Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras are based on a new technology that delivers distance maps by the use of a modulated light source. In this paper we first describe a set of experiments that we performed with TOF cameras. We then propose a noise…
Falling raindrops are usually considered purely negative factors for traditional optical imaging because they generate not only rain streaks but also rain fog, resulting in a decrease in the visual quality of images. However, this work…
The low repetition rates and possible shot-to-shot variations in laser-plasma studies place a high value on single-shot diagnostics. For example, white-beam scattering methods based on broadband backlighter x-ray sources are used to…
The image quality budget of many telescopes can have substantial contributions from local seeing, both``mirror'' and ``dome'', which arise from turbulence and temperature variations that are difficult to quantify, measure directly, and…
Multiple scattering of wave in strong heterogeneity can cause resonance-like wave anomaly where the signal exhibits low-frequency, high intensity, and slowly propagating wave packet velocity. For example, long period event in volcanic…
The variability of quasar light curves can be used to study the structure of quasar accretion disks. For example, continuum reverberation mapping uses delays between variability in short and long wavelength bands ("short" lags) to measure…
We have experimentally confirmed the presence of long-memory correlations in the wandering of a thin Gaussian laser beam over a screen after propagating through a turbulent medium. A laboratory-controlled experiment was conducted in which…
Raman spectroscopy uses light scattering to extract information on low-energy excitations of solids. The Raman process is described by diagrams which are fourth order in the light-matter interaction, and in particular the resonant…
The photon transfer curve (PTC, variance vs. signal level) is a commonly used and effective tool in characterizing CCD performance. It is theoretically linear in the range where photon shot noise dominates, and its slope is utilized to…
The VST Optical Imaging of the CDFS and ES1 Fields (VOICE) Survey, in synergy with the SUDARE survey, is a deep optical $ugri$ imaging of the CDFS and ES1 fields using the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). The observations for the CDFS field…
We present an algorithm that uses the distribution of photon arrival times to distinguish speckles from incoherent sources, like planets and disks, in high contrast images. Using simulated data, we show that our approach can overcome the…
The super-Earth LHS 1140 b is an interesting target for atmospheric observations since it is close to the habitable zone of its star and falls in the gap of the radius distribution of small exoplanets, in the region thought to correspond to…
A particle tracking velocimetry apparatus is presented that is capable of measuring three-dimensional particle trajectories across large volumes, of the order of several meters, during natural snowfall events. Field experiments, aimed at…
We investigate the impact of spatial survey non-uniformity on the galaxy redshift distributions for forthcoming data releases of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Specifically, we construct a mock photometry…
It was recently proposed to use extra-galactic point sources to constrain space-time quantum fluctuations in the universe. In these proposals, the fundamental "fuzziness" of distance caused by space-time quantum fluctuations have been…
We present SLIDE, a pipeline that enables transient discovery in data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), using archival images from the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) as templates for difference…
How do diffusion generative models convert pure noise into meaningful images? In a variety of pretrained diffusion models (including conditional latent space models like Stable Diffusion), we observe that the reverse diffusion process that…