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Formal specifications are essential for ensuring software correctness, yet manually writing them is tedious and error-prone. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating such specifications from natural language intents,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gehao Zhang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) have changed the reality of how software is produced. Within the wider software engineering community, among many other purposes, they are explored for code generation use cases from different types of input. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Fabian Stiehle , Hans Weytjens , Ingo Weber

Despite the significant strides made by generative AI in just a few short years, its future progress is constrained by the challenge of building modular and robust systems. This capability has been a cornerstone of past technological…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in general-purpose code generation. However, generating the code which is deeply hardware-specific, architecture-aware, and performance-critical, especially for massively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wentao Chen , Jiace Zhu , Qi Fan , Yehan Ma , An Zou

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated a remarkable ability to generate code from natural language (NL) prompts. However, in the real world, NL is often too ambiguous to capture the true intent behind programming problems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Yeming Wen , Pengcheng Yin , Kensen Shi , Henryk Michalewski , Swarat Chaudhuri , Alex Polozov

SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) play a critical role in detecting and debugging functional bugs in digital chip design. However, generating SVAs has traditionally been a manual, labor-intensive, and error-prone process. Recent advances in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Fenghua Wu , Evan Pan , Rahul Kande , Michael Quinn , Aakash Tyagi , David Kebo Houngninou , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Jiang Hu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for program verification, and yet little is known about \emph{how} they reason about program semantics during this process. In this work, we focus on abstract interpretation based-reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jacqueline L. Mitchell , Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chenyu Zhou , Chao Wang

Despite being an essential step in software development, writing requirements specifications is frequently performed in natural language, leading to issues like inconsistency, incompleteness, or ambiguity. The ITLingo initiative has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andre Rodrigues , Alberto Rodrigues da Silva

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

The increasing development of LLMs in code generation has drawn significant attention among researchers. To enhance LLM-based code generation ability, current efforts are predominantly directed towards collecting high-quality datasets and…

Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only a suitable tool for code generation but also capable of generating annotation-based code specifications. Scaling these methodologies may allow us to deduce provable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Samuel Teuber , Bernhard Beckert

The work relates to the automatic generation of logical specifications, considered as sets of temporal logic formulas, extracted directly from developed software models. The extraction process is based on the assumption that the whole…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-06-27 Radoslaw Klimek

Natural language to code generation is an important application area of LLMs and has received wide attention from the community. The majority of relevant studies have exclusively concentrated on increasing the quantity and functional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Naman Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Wei-Lin Chiang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

This paper presents a focused literature survey on the use of large language models (LLM) to assist in writing formal specifications for software. A summary of thirty-five key papers is presented, including examples for specifying programs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Large language models (LLMs) have become essential tools in software development, widely used for requirements engineering, code generation and review tasks. Software engineers often rely on LLMs to verify if code implementation satisfy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haolin Jin , Huaming Chen

Code generation with large language models (LLMs), often termed vibe coding, is increasingly adopted in production but fails to ensure code quality, particularly in security (e.g., SQL injection vulnerabilities) and maintainability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Feng Yao , Zilong Wang , Liyuan Liu , Junxia Cui , Li Zhong , Xiaohan Fu , Haohui Mai , Vish Krishnan , Jianfeng Gao , Jingbo Shang

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in generating code snippets directly from problem statements. This increasingly automated process mirrors traditional human-led software development, where code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

Formal methods have been employed for requirements verification for a long time. However, it is difficult to automatically derive properties from natural language requirements. SpecVerify addresses this challenge by integrating large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weiqi Wang , Marie Farrell , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Liping Zhao

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their application in diverse domains. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework tailored specifically for evaluating LLM performance in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mingjie Liu , Nathaniel Pinckney , Brucek Khailany , Haoxing Ren

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in modeling real-world knowledge and enhancing knowledge-based generation tasks. In this paper, we further explore the potential of using LLMs to aid in the design…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Weicheng Ma , Luyang Zhao , Chun-Yi She , Yitao Jiang , Alan Sun , Bo Zhu , Devin Balkcom , Soroush Vosoughi
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