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The requirements engineering (RE) phase is pivotal in developing high-quality software. Integrating advanced modelling techniques with large language models (LLMs) and formal verification in a logical style can significantly enhance this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Radoslaw Klimek

Fully automated verification of large-scale software and hardware systems is arguably the holy grail of formal methods. Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated their potential for enhancing the degree of automation in formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhongyi Wang , Tengjie Lin , Mingshuai Chen , Mingqi Yang , Haokun Li , Xiao Yi , Shengchao Qin , Jianwei Yin

The security of computer systems typically relies on a hardware root of trust. As vulnerabilities in hardware can have severe implications on a system, there is a need for techniques to support security verification activities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Rahul Kande , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Shailja Thakur , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a cornerstone of modern hardware design, yet manually translating design intent into formal SystemVerilog Assertions (SVAs) remains labor-intensive and error-prone. While Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchao Wu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Wenkai Li , Ziyan Guo , Zhiyao Xie

With the advent of generative LLMs and their advanced code generation capabilities, some people already envision the end of traditional software engineering, as LLMs may be able to produce high-quality code based solely on the requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jonathan Ullrich , Matthias Koch , Andreas Vogelsang

A rigorous formalization of desired system requirements is indispensable when performing any verification task. This often limits the application of verification techniques, as writing formal specifications is an error-prone and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Matthias Cosler , Christopher Hahn , Daniel Mendoza , Frederik Schmitt , Caroline Trippel

Automating code review with Large Language Models (LLMs) shows immense promise, yet practical adoption is hampered by their lack of reliability, context-awareness, and control. To address this, we propose Specification-Grounded Code Review…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kai Wang , Bingcheng Mao , Shuai Jia , Yujie Ding , Dongming Han , Tianyi Ma , Bin Cao

Automating hardware design could obviate a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and lead to fewer errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description language to model and design digital systems, thus generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Zhenxing Fan , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Software engineers in various industrial domains are already using Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the process of implementing parts of software systems. When considering its potential use for ADAS or AD systems in the automotive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Zhennan Fei , Krishna Ronanki , Håkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger

As the automotive industry shifts its focus toward software-defined vehicles, the need for faster and reliable software development continues to grow. However, traditional methods show their limitations. The rise of Generative Artificial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Fengjunjie Pan , Yinglei Song , Long Wen , Nenad Petrovic , Krzysztof Lebioda , Alois Knoll

The pervasive use of textual formats in the documentation of software requirements presents a great opportunity for applying large language models (LLMs) to software engineering tasks. High-quality software requirements not only enhance the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Bingyang Wei

Converting high-level tasks described by natural language into formal specifications like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a key step towards providing formal safety guarantees over cyber-physical systems (CPS). While the compliance of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junle Li , Siqi Chen , Jiakai Li , Meiqi Tian , Bingzhuo Zhong

Despite recent progress in generating hardware RTL code with LLMs, existing solutions still suffer from a substantial gap between practical application scenarios and the requirements of real-world RTL code development. Prior approaches…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zhongzhi Yu , Mingjie Liu , Michael Zimmer , Yingyan Celine Lin , Yong Liu , Haoxing Ren

Assertion-based verification (ABV) is a critical method for ensuring design circuits comply with their architectural specifications, which are typically described in natural language. This process often requires human interpretation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Min Li , Zhiyuan Yan , Shang Liu , Hongce Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) are taking many industries by storm. They possess impressive reasoning capabilities and are capable of handling complex problems, as shown by their steadily improving scores on coding and mathematical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Krzysztof Lebioda , Nenad Petrovic , Fengjunjie Pan , Vahid Zolfaghari , Andre Schamschurko , Alois Knoll

The creation of a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is important for any software development project. Given the recent prowess of Large Language Models (LLMs) in answering natural language queries and generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Madhava Krishna , Bhagesh Gaur , Arsh Verma , Pankaj Jalote

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in Verilog generation from natural language description. However, ensuring the functional correctness of the generated code remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Automated Driving System (ADS) is a safety-critical software system responsible for the interpretation of the vehicle's environment and making decisions accordingly. The unbounded complexity of the driving context, including unforeseeable…

Formal Property Verification (FPV), using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA), is crucial for ensuring the completeness of design with respect to the specification. However, writing SVA is a laborious task and has a steep learning curve. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohammad Shahidzadeh , Behnam Ghavami , Steve Wilton , Lesley Shannon

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley