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Program synthesis or code generation aims to generate a program that satisfies a problem specification. Recent approaches using large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) have shown promising results, yet they have some critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Hung Le , Yue Wang , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

As large language models (LLMs) advance, their ability to perform in-context learning and few-shot language generation has improved significantly. This has spurred using LLMs to produce high-quality synthetic data to enhance the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiyuan Ren , Zhaocheng Du , Zhihao Wen , Qinglin Jia , Sunhao Dai , Chuhan Wu , Zhenhua Dong

This paper evaluates synthetically generated healthcare data for biases and investigates the effect of fairness mitigation techniques on utility-fairness. Privacy laws limit access to health data such as Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Karan Bhanot , Ioana Baldini , Dennis Wei , Jiaming Zeng , Kristin P. Bennett

What are the limits of controlling language models via synthetic training data? We develop a reinforcement learning (RL) primitive, the Dataset Policy Gradient (DPG), which can precisely optimize synthetic data generators to produce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Tristan Thrush , Sung Min Park , Herman Brunborg , Luke Bailey , Marcel Roed , Neil Band , Christopher Potts , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Synthetic data generation is one approach for sharing individual-level data. However, to meet legislative requirements, it is necessary to demonstrate that the individuals' privacy is adequately protected. There is no consolidated standard…

Privacy poses a significant obstacle to the progress of learning analytics (LA), presenting challenges like inadequate anonymization and data misuse that current solutions struggle to address. Synthetic data emerges as a potential remedy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Qinyi Liu , Mohammad Khalil , Ronas Shakya , Jelena Jovanovic

Owe to the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence especially deep learning, many data-driven decision support systems have been implemented to facilitate medical doctors in delivering personalized care. We focus on the deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Siqi Liu , Kee Yuan Ngiam , Mengling Feng

Neuroimaging consortia can enhance reliability and generalizability of findings by pooling data across studies to achieve larger sample sizes. To adjust for site and MRI protocol effects, imaging datasets are often harmonized based on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-04 Shruti P. Gadewar , Alyssa H. Zhu , Iyad Ba Gari , Sunanda Somu , Sophia I. Thomopoulos , Paul M. Thompson , Talia M. Nir , Neda Jahanshad

The public availability of collections containing user preferences is of vital importance for performing offline evaluations in the field of recommender systems. However, the number of rating datasets is limited because of the costs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Diego Monti , Giuseppe Rizzo , Maurizio Morisio

We present SynthTextEval, a toolkit for conducting comprehensive evaluations of synthetic text. The fluency of large language model (LLM) outputs has made synthetic text potentially viable for numerous applications, such as reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Krithika Ramesh , Daniel Smolyak , Zihao Zhao , Nupoor Gandhi , Ritu Agarwal , Margrét Bjarnadóttir , Anjalie Field

Synthetic data inherits the differential privacy guarantees of the model used to generate it. Additionally, synthetic data may benefit from privacy amplification when the generative model is kept hidden. While empirical studies suggest this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Clément Pierquin , Aurélien Bellet , Marc Tommasi , Matthieu Boussard

Dynamic treatment recommendation systems based on large-scale electronic health records (EHRs) become a key to successfully improve practical clinical outcomes. Prior relevant studies recommend treatments either use supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Lu Wang , Wei Zhang , Xiaofeng He , Hongyuan Zha

As more tech companies engage in rigorous economic analyses, we are confronted with a data problem: in-house papers cannot be replicated due to use of sensitive, proprietary, or private data. Readers are left to assume that the obscured…

General Economics · Economics 2020-11-10 Allison Koenecke , Hal Varian

Despite recent advances in synthetic data generation, the scientific community still lacks a unified consensus on its usefulness. It is commonly believed that synthetic data can be used for both data exchange and boosting machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Dionysis Manousakas , Sergül Aydöre

String representation Learning (SRL) is an important task in the field of Natural Language Processing, but it remains under-explored. The goal of SRL is to learn dense and low-dimensional vectors (or embeddings) for encoding character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Urchade Zaratiana

Differentially private synthetic data generation offers a recent solution to release analytically useful data while preserving the privacy of individuals in the data. In order to utilize these algorithms for public policy decisions,…

Applications · Statistics 2020-10-13 Claire McKay Bowen , Joshua Snoke

Generative models have been showing potential for producing data in mass. This study explores the enhancement of clinical natural language processing performance by utilizing synthetic data generated from advanced language models. Promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Shan Chen , Jack Gallifant , Marco Guevara , Yanjun Gao , Majid Afshar , Timothy Miller , Dmitriy Dligach , Danielle S. Bitterman

We present ShinRL, an open-source library specialized for the evaluation of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Existing RL libraries typically allow users to evaluate practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Toshinori Kitamura , Ryo Yonetani

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference but face significant challenges in business applications, including limited traffic allocation, the need for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, and the complexity of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-18 Zhenkang Peng , Chengzhang Li , Ying Rong , Renyu Zhang

Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving intervention in the ICU, it has harmful side-effects, such as barotrauma and volutrauma. These harms can occur due to asynchronies. Asynchronies are defined as a mismatch between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 A. van Diepen , T. H. G. F. Bakkes , A. J. R. De Bie , S. Turco , R. A. Bouwman , P. H. Woerlee , M. Mischi