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One of the things that need to change when it comes to machine translation is the models' ability to translate code-switching content, especially with the rise of social media and user-generated content. In this paper, we are proposing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Mohamed Anwar

Linguistic Code-switching (CS) is still an understudied phenomenon in natural language processing. The NLP community has mostly focused on monolingual and multi-lingual scenarios, but little attention has been given to CS in particular.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Gustavo Aguilar , Thamar Solorio

In recent times, we have seen an increased use of text chat for communication on social networks and smartphones. This particularly involves the use of Hindi-English code-mixed text which contains words which are not recognized in English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Divyansh Singh

Code-Switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon that occurs in multilingual geographic or social contexts, which raises challenging problems for natural language processing tools. We focus here on Machine Translation (MT) of CSW texts, where we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jitao Xu , François Yvon

Code-switching (CS) is still a critical challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP), due to the limited availability of large-scale, diverse CS datasets for robust training and evaluation. Despite recent advances, the capabilities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Maite Heredia , Gorka Labaka , Jeremy Barnes , Aitor Soroa

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong multilingual abilities, their reliance on English as latent representations creates a translation barrier, where reasoning implicitly depends on internal translation into English. When this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haneul Yoo , Jiho Jin , Kyunghyun Cho , Alice Oh

Code-mixed machine translation has become an important task in multilingual communities and extending the task of machine translation to code mixed data has become a common task for these languages. In the shared tasks of WMT 2022, we try…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Akshat Gahoi , Jayant Duneja , Anshul Padhi , Shivam Mangale , Saransh Rajput , Tanvi Kamble , Dipti Misra Sharma , Vasudeva Varma

Emotion classification is a challenging task in NLP due to the inherent idiosyncratic and subjective nature of linguistic expression, especially with code-mixed data. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved high performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Kushal Tatariya , Heather Lent , Johannes Bjerva , Miryam de Lhoneux

This paper describes the University of Maryland's submission to the Special Task on Formality Control for Spoken Language Translation at \iwslt, which evaluates translation from English into 6 languages with diverse grammatical formality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Elijah Rippeth , Sweta Agrawal , Marine Carpuat

Singlish is a creole rooted in Singapore's multilingual environment that continues to evolve alongside social and technological change. We examine diachronic stylistic change across a decade of informal digital messages and ask whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Linus Tze En Foo , Weihan Angela Ng , Wenkai Li , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng

Code-switching is a widespread practice among the world's multilingual majority, yet few benchmarks accurately reflect its complexity in everyday communication. We present PingPong, a benchmark for natural multi-party code-switching…

Training code-switched language models is difficult due to lack of data and complexity in the grammatical structure. Linguistic constraint theories have been used for decades to generate artificial code-switching sentences to cope with this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook are becoming popular in multilingual societies. This trend induces portmanteau of South Asian languages with English. The blend of multiple languages as code-mixed data has recently become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Rajat Singh , Nurendra Choudhary , Manish Shrivastava

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Multilingual large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a variety of languages. However, efficacy can differ greatly between different language families, especially for those with limited linguistic resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xin Huang , Tarun Kumar Vangani , Minh Duc Pham , Xunlong Zou , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Ai Ti Aw

While Large Language Models have gained attention, many service developers still rely on embedding-based models due to practical constraints. In such cases, the quality of fine-tuning data directly impacts performance, and English datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Jong Myoung Kim , Young-Jun Lee , Ho-Jin Choi , Sangkeun Jung

The prevalence of social media presents a growing opportunity to collect and analyse examples of English varieties. Whilst usage of these varieties was - and, in many cases, still is - used only in spoken contexts or hard-to-access private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nhi Pham , Lachlan Pham , Adam L. Meyers

The multi-sentential long sequence textual data unfolds several interesting research directions pertaining to natural language processing and generation. Though we observe several high-quality long-sequence datasets for English and other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Rahul Gupta , Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

Singlish, a Creole language rooted in English, is a key focus in linguistic research within multilingual and multicultural contexts. However, its spoken form remains underexplored, limiting insights into its linguistic structure and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Shuo Sun , Wenyu Zhang , Yingxu He , Zhuohan Liu , Chengwei Wei , Nancy F. Chen , AiTi Aw

Spoken Language Translation (SLT) is becoming more widely used and becoming a communication tool that helps in crossing language barriers. One of the challenges of SLT is the translation from a language without gender agreement to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Mostafa Elaraby , Ahmed Y. Tawfik , Mahmoud Khaled , Hany Hassan , Aly Osama