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While deep reinforcement learning excels at solving tasks where large amounts of data can be collected through virtually unlimited interaction with the environment, learning from limited interaction remains a key challenge. We posit that an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Max Schwarzer , Ankesh Anand , Rishab Goel , R Devon Hjelm , Aaron Courville , Philip Bachman

The popular Q-learning algorithm is known to overestimate action values under certain conditions. It was not previously known whether, in practice, such overestimations are common, whether they harm performance, and whether they can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Hado van Hasselt , Arthur Guez , David Silver

Deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved state-of-the-art results by directly maximising cumulative reward. However, environments contain a much wider variety of possible training signals. In this paper, we introduce an agent that…

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained a lot of attention in recent years, and has been proven to be able to play Atari games and Go at or above human levels. However, those games are assumed to have a small fixed number of actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Yang You , Liangwei Li , Baisong Guo , Weiming Wang , Cewu Lu

In deep reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial attacks can trick an agent into unwanted states and disrupt training. We propose a system called Robust Student-DQN (RS-DQN), which permits online robustness training alongside Q networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Marc Fischer , Matthew Mirman , Steven Stalder , Martin Vechev

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is well known for being highly sensitive to hyperparameters, requiring practitioners substantial efforts to optimize them for the problem at hand. This also limits the applicability of RL in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Théo Vincent , Fabian Wahren , Jan Peters , Boris Belousov , Carlo D'Eramo

Resource allocation remains NP-hard due to combinatorial complexity. While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods, such as the Rainbow Deep Q-Network (DQN), improve scalability through prioritized replay and distributional heads,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Truong Thinh Nguyen , Hung Cao

The recently introduced Deep Q-Networks (DQN) algorithm has gained attention as one of the first successful combinations of deep neural networks and reinforcement learning. Its promise was demonstrated in the Arcade Learning Environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Yitao Liang , Marlos C. Machado , Erik Talvitie , Michael Bowling

Advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous agents to perform well on Atari games, often outperforming humans, using only raw pixels to make their decisions. However, most of these games take place in 2D environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Guillaume Lample , Devendra Singh Chaplot

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an area of machine learning figuring out how agents take actions in an unknown environment to maximize its rewards. Unlike classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) in which agent has full knowledge of its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yangxin Zhong , Jiajie He , Lingjie Kong

In distributional reinforcement learning (RL), the estimated distribution of value function models both the parametric and intrinsic uncertainties. We propose a novel and efficient exploration method for deep RL that has two components. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Borislav Mavrin , Shangtong Zhang , Hengshuai Yao , Linglong Kong , Kaiwen Wu , Yaoliang Yu

Experience replay lets online reinforcement learning agents remember and reuse experiences from the past. In prior work, experience transitions were uniformly sampled from a replay memory. However, this approach simply replays transitions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Tom Schaul , John Quan , Ioannis Antonoglou , David Silver

Currently, many applications in Machine Learning are based on define new models to extract more information about data, In this case Deep Reinforcement Learning with the most common application in video games like Atari, Mario, and others…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Felipe Moreno-Vera

High sample complexity has long been a challenge for RL. On the other hand, humans learn to perform tasks not only from interaction or demonstrations, but also by reading unstructured text documents, e.g., instruction manuals. Instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yue Wu , Yewen Fan , Paul Pu Liang , Amos Azaria , Yuanzhi Li , Tom M. Mitchell

The growing computational demands of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have raised concerns about the environmental and economic costs of training large-scale models. While algorithmic efficiency in terms of learning performance has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jason Gardner , Ayan Dutta , Swapnoneel Roy , O. Patrick Kreidl , Ladislau Boloni

Recent progress in artificial intelligence through reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success on increasingly complex single-agent environments and two-player turn-based games. However, the real-world contains multiple agents, each…

As the third-generation neural networks, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have great potential on neuromorphic hardware because of their high energy-efficiency. However, Deep Spiking Reinforcement Learning (DSRL), i.e., the Reinforcement…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Guisong Liu , Wenjie Deng , Xiurui Xie , Li Huang , Huajin Tang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly become the focus of the artificial intelligent research due to its wide real-world applications where the collection of data may be difficult, time-consuming, or costly. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Chenyang Xi , Bo Tang , Jiajun Shen , Xinfu Liu , Feiyu Xiong , Xueying Li

Radio Frequency powered Cognitive Radio Networks (RF-CRN) are likely to be the eyes and ears of upcoming modern networks such as Internet of Things (IoT), requiring increased decentralization and autonomous operation. To be considered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Kevin Shen Hoong Ong , Yang Zhang , Dusit Niyato