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Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) promise to reduce congestion in future urban networks, potentially by optimizing their routing decisions. Unlike for human drivers, these decisions can be made with collective, data-driven policies,…

The prediction of surrounding agents' motion is a key for safe autonomous driving. In this paper, we explore navigation maps as an alternative to the predominant High Definition (HD) maps for learning-based motion prediction. Navigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Julian Schmidt , Julian Jordan , Franz Gritschneder , Thomas Monninger , Klaus Dietmayer

Structured road understanding of lane geometry, topology, and traffic element relationships is foundational to safe autonomous driving. While vision-language models (VLMs) offer promising semantic flexibility, they lack the geometric and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Lena Wild , Katie Z Luo , Marco Pavone

The last decades have witnessed the breakthrough of autonomous vehicles (AVs), and the perception capabilities of AVs have been dramatically improved. Various sensors installed on AVs, including, but are not limited to, LiDAR, radar, camera…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-08 Wei Ma , Sean Qian

Modeling traffic dynamics is a critical challenge for urban computing, with applications from real-time traffic management to infrastructure planning. However, progress in this area is fundamentally constrained by a lack of large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Fedor Velikonivtsev , Oleg Platonov , Ekaterina Alimaskina , Gleb Bazhenov , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

Behavior prediction in dynamic, multi-agent systems is an important problem in the context of self-driving cars, due to the complex representations and interactions of road components, including moving agents (e.g. pedestrians and vehicles)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jiyang Gao , Chen Sun , Hang Zhao , Yi Shen , Dragomir Anguelov , Congcong Li , Cordelia Schmid

Autonomous Driving is now the promising future of transportation. As one basis for autonomous driving, High Definition Map (HD map) provides high-precision descriptions of the environment, therefore it enables more accurate perception and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jinliang Xie , Jie Tang , Shaoshan Liu

Given an unlabeled road map, we consider, from an algorithmic perspective, the cartographic problem to place non-overlapping road labels embedded in their roads. We first decompose the road network into logically coherent road sections,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-05-16 Benjamin Niedermann , Martin Nöllenburg

We present HetroD, a dataset and benchmark for developing autonomous driving systems in heterogeneous environments. HetroD targets the critical challenge of navi- gating real-world heterogeneous traffic dominated by vulner- able road users…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are rapidly becoming the intelligence brain of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. A key challenge is to assess whether MLLMs can truly understand and follow complex real-world traffic rules.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Enhui Ma , Jiahuan Zhang , Guantian Zheng , Tao Tang , Shengbo Eben Li , Yuhang Lu , Xia Zhou , Xueyang Zhang , Yifei Zhan , Kun Zhan , Zhihui Hao , Xianpeng Lang , Kaicheng Yu

The comprehensiveness of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) recognition enriches and holistically shapes the global Birds-Eye-View (BEV) perception, incorporating rich semantics and integrating driving scene information, thereby serving features…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Fukang Li , Wenlin Ou , Kunpeng Gao , Yuwen Pang , Yifei Li , Henry Fan

Autonomous vehicles rely on map information to understand the world around them. However, the creation and maintenance of offline high-definition (HD) maps remains costly. A more scalable alternative lies in online HD map construction,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jonas Merkert , Alexander Blumberg , Jan-Hendrik Pauls , Christoph Stiller

Developing autonomous driving systems for complex traffic environments requires balancing multiple objectives, such as avoiding collisions, obeying traffic rules, and making efficient progress. In many situations, these objectives cannot be…

Benchmarking autonomous driving planners to align with human judgment remains a critical challenge, as state-of-the-art metrics like the Extended Predictive Driver Model Score (EPDMS) lack context awareness in nuanced scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jingyu Song , Zhenxin Li , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Joshua Chen , Katherine A. Skinner , Jose M. Alvarez

The success of motion prediction for autonomous driving relies on integration of information from the HD maps. As maps are naturally graph-structured, investigation on graph neural networks (GNNs) for encoding HD maps is burgeoning in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Fang Da , Yu Zhang

High-Definition (HD) maps play a crucial role in autonomous vehicle navigation, complementing onboard perception sensors for improved accuracy and safety. Traditional HD map generation relies on dedicated mapping vehicles, which are costly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Gamal Elghazaly , Raphael Frank

Automated driving in urban settings is challenging. Human participant behavior is difficult to model, and conventional, rule-based Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) tend to fail when they face unmodeled dynamics. On the other hand, the more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Ekim Yurtsever , Linda Capito , Keith Redmill , Umit Ozguner

Visual-language reasoning, driving knowledge, and value alignment are essential for advanced autonomous driving systems. However, existing approaches largely rely on data-driven learning, making it difficult to capture the complex logic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhongyu Xia , Wenhao Chen , Yongtao Wang , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Recognizing Traffic Signs using intelligent systems can drastically reduce the number of accidents happening world-wide. With the arrival of Self-driving cars it has become a staple challenge to solve the automatic recognition of Traffic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sourajit Saha , Sharif Amit Kamran , Ali Shihab Sabbir

The integration of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) into autonomous driving systems has shown promise in addressing key challenges such as learning complexity, interpretability, and common-sense reasoning. However, existing approaches often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xuesong Chen , Linjiang Huang , Tao Ma , Rongyao Fang , Shaoshuai Shi , Hongsheng Li