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Road-boundary detection is important for autonomous driving. It can be used to constrain autonomous vehicles running on road areas to ensure driving safety. Compared with online road-boundary detection using on-vehicle cameras/Lidars,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Zhenhua Xu , Yuxiang Sun , Ming Liu

In the modern era of automation and robotics, autonomous vehicles are currently the focus of academic and industrial research. With the ever increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles getting involved in activities in the civilian and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Saumya Kumaar , Arpit Sangotra , Sudakshin Kumar , Mayank Gupta , Navaneethkrishnan B , S N Omkar

The increasing interest in autonomous driving systems has highlighted the need for an in-depth analysis of human driving behavior in diverse scenarios. Analyzing human data is crucial for developing autonomous systems that replicate safe…

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving systems. Traditionally, an expensive and labor-intensive pipeline is implemented to construct HD maps, which is limited in scalability. In recent years, crowdsourcing and online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Anqi Shi , Yuze Cai , Xiangyu Chen , Jian Pu , Zeyu Fu , Hong Lu

Inspired by the fact that humans use diverse sensory organs to perceive the world, sensors with different modalities are deployed in end-to-end driving to obtain the global context of the 3D scene. In previous works, camera and LiDAR inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Qingwen Zhang , Mingkai Tang , Ruoyu Geng , Feiyi Chen , Ren Xin , Lujia Wang

Traffic signs support road safety and managing the flow of traffic, hence are an integral part of any vision system for autonomous driving. While the use of deep learning is well-known in traffic signs classification due to the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Andreea Postovan , Mădălina Eraşcu

The survival analysis of driving trajectories allows for holistic evaluations of car-related risks caused by collisions or curvy roads. This analysis has advantages over common Time-To-X indicators, such as its predictive and probabilistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Tim Puphal , Benedict Flade , Malte Probst , Volker Willert , Jürgen Adamy , Julian Eggert

Vision-language models (VLMs) serve as general-purpose end-to-end models in autonomous driving, performing subtasks such as prediction, planning, and perception through question-and-answer interactions. However, most existing methods rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Enming Zhang , Xingyuan Dai , Min Huang , Yisheng Lv , Qinghai Miao

Autonomous driving requires an understanding of the static environment from sensor data. Learned Bird's-Eye View (BEV) encoders are commonly used to fuse multiple inputs, and a vector decoder predicts a vectorized map representation from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Thomas Monninger , Zihan Zhang , Zhipeng Mo , Md Zafar Anwar , Steffen Staab , Sihao Ding

Vision-Language Models(VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for end-to-end autonomous driving, yet a substantial gap remains between their current capabilities and the reliability necessary for real-world deployment. A critical…

End-to-end autonomous driving methods built on vision language models (VLMs) have undergone rapid development driven by their universal visual understanding and strong reasoning capabilities obtained from the large-scale pretraining.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Peizheng Li , Zhenghao Zhang , David Holtz , Hang Yu , Yutong Yang , Yuzhi Lai , Rui Song , Andreas Geiger , Andreas Zell

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show significant promise for end-to-end autonomous driving by leveraging the common sense embedded in language models, their reliance on 2D image cues for complex scene understanding and decision-making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weijie Wei , Zhipeng Luo , Ling Feng , Venice Erin Liong

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

Traffic signal control aims to coordinate traffic signals across intersections to improve the traffic efficiency of a district or a city. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been applied to traffic signal control recently and demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Liwen Zhu , Peixi Peng , Zongqing Lu , Xiangqian Wang , Yonghong Tian

Autonomous driving technology has the potential to transform transportation, but its wide adoption depends on the development of interpretable and transparent decision-making systems. Scene captioning, which generates natural language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Felix Brandstaetter , Erik Schuetz , Katharina Winter , Fabian Flohr

Autonomous driving has been among the most popular and challenging topics in the past few years. On the road to achieving full autonomy, researchers have utilized various sensors, such as LiDAR, camera, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Zhibin Bao , Sabir Hossain , Haoxiang Lang , Xianke Lin

Along with the rapid growth of autonomous vehicles (AVs), more and more demands are required for environment perception technology. Among others, HD mapping has become one of the more prominent roles in helping the vehicle realize essential…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Benny Wijaya , Kun Jiang , Mengmeng Yang , Tuopu Wen , Yunlong Wang , Xuewei Tang , Zheng Fu , Taohua Zhou , Diange Yang

Depth estimation is a fundamental component of spatial perception for autonomous driving and other unmanned systems operating in open urban environments. Existing depth datasets such as KITTI, nuScenes, and DDAD have advanced the field but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xianda Guo , Ruijun Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Ruilin Wang , Matteo Poggi , Keyuan Zhou , Wenzhao Zheng , Wenke Huang , Gangwei Xu , Yanlun Peng , Yuan Si , Qin Zou

Traffic signs are critical for maintaining the safety and efficiency of our roads. Therefore, we need to carefully assess the capabilities and limitations of automated traffic sign detection systems. Existing traffic sign datasets are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Dogancan Temel , Min-Hung Chen , Ghassan AlRegib

This study developed a traffic sign detection and recognition algorithm based on the RetinaNet. Two main aspects were revised to improve the detection of traffic signs: image cropping to address the issue of large image and small traffic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Meixin Zhu , Jingyun Hu , Ziyuan Pu , Zhiyong Cui , Liangwu Yan , Yinhai Wang