Related papers: A Low-Cost, Low-Power Media Converter Solution for…
The detector readout architecture introduced in this paper is intended for small to medium size physics experiments that have moderate bandwidth needs, and applications that require an ultimately low background radioactivity for the parts…
With the rapid development of network protocol, TCP/IP has been widely applied in various OS systems because of its advantages of high-speed network transmission and standardization. Furthermore, TCP/IP has the functions of retransmission…
In high energy physics experiments (HEP), high speed and fault resilient data communication is needed between detectors/sensors and the host PC. Transient faults can occur in the communication hardware due to various external effects like…
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) represents a fourth-generation light source. This facility has made unprecedented advancements in accelerator technology, necessitating the development of new detectors to satisfy physical requirements…
The scheme of the data acquisition (DAQ) architecture in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments consist of data transport from the front-end electronics (FEE) of the online detectors to the readout units (RU), which perform online processing…
The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will produce unprecedented datasets capable of revealing fundamental properties of the universe. However, realizing its discovery potential faces a significant challenge: extracting…
For many decades High Energy Physics (HEP) instrumentation has been concentrated on detectors of ionizing radiation -- where the energy of incident particles or photons is sufficient to create mobile charge in gas, liquid, or solid…
Recent advances in photon detectors have resulted in high-density imaging arrays that offer many performance and cost advantages. In particular, the excellent transit time spread of certain devices show promise to provide tangible benefits…
With the increasing physical event rate and number of electronic channels, traditional readout scheme meets the challenge of improving readout speed caused by the limited bandwidth of crate backplane. In this paper, a high-speed data…
HPgTPCs have benefits such as low energy threshold, magnetisability, and 4$\pi$ acceptance, making them ideal for neutrino experiments such as DUNE. We present the design of an FPGA-based solution optimised for ND-GAr, which is part of the…
The LHCb Upgrade I introduced a triggerless data acquisition system, crucial for readout across sub-detectors. Upgrade II aims for fivefold throughput enhancement and requires precise clock distribution. The PCIe400 development…
We present the first sub-microsecond transformer implementation on an FPGA achieving competitive performance for state-of-the-art high-energy physics benchmarks. Transformers have shown exceptional performance on multiple tasks in modern…
This work presents the design and preliminary performance of a highly-multiplexed superconducting detector readout. The readout system is implemented on the Xilinx ZCU111 RFSoC Evaluation Board. The current design uses 12% of the DSPs, 60%…
Significant new challenges are continuously confronting the High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments, in particular the two detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, where nominal conditions deliver proton-proton collisions to the…
It is essential to develop novel cost-effective readout technologies to maximize the discovery potential of future HEP experiments.
The increasing computing power and bandwidth of FPGAs opens new possibilities in the field of real-time processing of high-energy physics data. The LHCb experiment has implemented a cluster-finder FPGA architecture aimed at reconstructing…
This study presents an efficient implementation of transformer architectures in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs) using hls4ml. We demonstrate the strategy for implementing the multi-head attention, softmax, and normalization layer and…
Recent results at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have pointed to enhanced physics capabilities through the improvement of the real-time event processing techniques. Machine learning methods are ubiquitous and have proven to be very…
Due to the advantages of universality, flexibility and high performance, fast Ethernet is widely used in readout system design of modern particle physics experiments. However, Ethernet is usually used together with TCP/IP protocol stack,…
Power consumption will be a key constraint on the future growth of Distributed High Throughput Computing (DHTC) as used by High Energy Physics (HEP). This makes performance-per-watt a crucial metric for selecting cost-efficient computing…