Related papers: Unfolding X-ray Spectral Data: Conditions and Appl…
Matrix inversion problems are often encountered in experimental physics, and in particular in high-energy particle physics, under the name of unfolding. The true spectrum of a physical quantity is deformed by the presence of a detector,…
X-ray polarimetry has great scientific potential and new experiments, such as X-Calibur, PoGOLite, XIPE, and GEMS, will not only be orders of magnitude more sensitive than previous missions, but also provide the capability to measure…
X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the analysis of the energy distribution of X-rays from astrophysical sources. It allows for the study of the properties, composition, and physical processes taking place at the site of…
The unfolding of a gamma ray spectrum experience many difficulties due to noise in the recorded data, that is based mainly on the change of photon energy due to scattering mechanisms (either in the detector or the medium), the accumulation…
X-ray spectral fitting of astronomical sources requires convolving the intrinsic spectrum or model with the instrumental response. Standard forward modeling techniques have proven success in recovering the underlying physical parameters in…
Slitless spectrometers can provide simultaneous imaging and spectral data over an extended field of view, thereby allowing rapid data acquisition for extended sources. In some instances, when the object is greatly extended or the spectral…
Experimental data in particle and nuclear physics, particle astrophysics, and radiation protection dosimetry are collected using experimental facilities that consist of a complex system of sensors, electronics, and software. Measured…
Unfolding, in the context of high-energy particle physics, refers to the process of removing detector distortions in experimental data. The resulting unfolded measurements are straightforward to use for direct comparisons between…
Spectrographs take snapshots of photon spectra with array detectors by dispersing photons of different energies into distinct directions and spacial locations. Spectrographs require optics with a large angular dispersion rate as the key…
Slitless (or wide field) imaging spectroscopy provides simultaneous imaging and spectral information from a wide field of view, which allows for rapid spectroscopic data collection of extended sources. Depending on the size of the extended…
We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model and state-of-art Monte Carlo sampling method to solve the unfolding problem, i.e., to estimate the spectrum of an unknown neutron source from the data detected by an organic scintillator. Inferring…
A kernel based procedure for correcting experimental data for distortions due to the finite resolution and limited detector acceptance is presented. The unfolding problem is known to be an ill-posed problem that can not be solved without…
Recent innovations from machine learning allow for data unfolding, without binning and including correlations across many dimensions. We describe a set of known, upgraded, and new methods for ML-based unfolding. The performance of these…
We explore the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources through detailed investigations of their spectral shape using some of the highest quality data available in the XMM-Newton public archives. Phenomenological models allow us to…
Unfolding in high energy physics represents the correction of measured spectra in data for the finite detector efficiency, acceptance, and resolution from the detector to particle level. Recent machine learning approaches provide unfolding…
Band theory provides the foundation for understanding electronic structure in crystalline materials, but its reliance on exact translational symmetry limits its applicability to systems with defects, disorder, incommensurate modulations, or…
Extended X-ray emission can be studied either spatially (through its surface brightness profile) or spectrally (by analyzing the spectrum at various locations in the field). Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and when the…
X-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on our ability to…
X-ray interaction with matter is an energy-dependent process that is contingent on the atomic structure of the constituent material elements. The most advanced models to capture this relationship currently rely on Monte Carlo (MC)…
In comparing the behavior of an energy spectrum to the predictions of random matrix theory one must transform the spectrum such that the averaged level spacing is constant, a procedure known as unfolding. Once energy spectrums belong to an…