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Discrete audio tokens derived from self-supervised learning models have gained widespread usage in speech generation. However, current practice of directly utilizing audio tokens poses challenges for sequence modeling due to the length of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Feiyu Shen , Yiwei Guo , Chenpeng Du , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Music mixing is compositional -- experts combine multiple audio processors to achieve a cohesive mix from dry source tracks. We propose a method to reverse engineer this process from the input and output audio. First, we create a mixing…

In this paper, we formalize practical byte pair encoding tokenization as it is used in large language models and other NLP systems, in particular we formally define and investigate the semantics of the SentencePiece and HuggingFace…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Martin Berglund , Brink van der Merwe

The Circuit Localization track of the Mechanistic Interpretability Benchmark (MIB) evaluates methods for localizing circuits within large language models (LLMs), i.e., subnetworks responsible for specific task behaviors. In this work, we…

Graphs can be leveraged to model polyphonic multitrack symbolic music, where notes, chords and entire sections may be linked at different levels of the musical hierarchy by tonal and rhythmic relationships. Nonetheless, there is a lack of…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Emanuele Cosenza , Andrea Valenti , Davide Bacciu

We consider the problem of computing the capacity of a coded, multicast network over a small alphabet. We introduce a novel approach to this problem based on mixed integer programming. As an application of our approach, we recover, extend…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Christopher Hojny , Altan B. Kilic , Alberto Ravagnani

Multi-label classification poses challenges due to imbalanced and noisy labels in training data. We propose a unified data augmentation method, named BalanceMix, to address these challenges. Our approach includes two samplers for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Hwanjun Song , Minseok Kim , Jae-Gil Lee

The success of large pretrained Transformers is closely tied to tokenizers, which convert raw input into discrete symbols. Extending these models to graph-structured data remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zeyuan Guo , Enmao Diao , Cheng Yang , Chuan Shi

Stochastic computing (SC) is a high density, low-power computation technique which encodes values as unary bitstreams instead of binary-encoded (BE) values. Practical SC implementations require deterministic or pseudo-random number…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Vincent T. Lee , Samuel Archibald Elliot , Armin Alaghi , Luis Ceze

Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) is a widely used method for subword tokenization, with origins in grammar-based text compression. It is employed in a variety of language processing tasks such as machine translation or large language model (LLM)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-14 László Kozma , Johannes Voderholzer

The relationship between tokenizer algorithm (e.g., Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), Unigram), morphological alignment, tokenization quality (e.g., compression efficiency), and downstream performance remains largely unclear, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Saketh Reddy Vemula , Sandipan Dandapat , Dipti Misra Sharma , Parameswari Krishnamurthy

We propose a novel symbolic music representation and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework specially designed for symbolic multitrack music generation. The main theme of symbolic music generation primarily encompasses the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jinlong Zhu , Keigo Sakurai , Ren Togo , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama

Linear nested codes, where two or more sub-codes are nested in a global code, have been proposed as candidates for reliable multi-terminal communication. In this paper, we consider nested array-based spatially coupled low-density…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell , Joerg Kliewer

We propose different methods for alternative representation and visual augmentation of sheet music that help users gain an overview of general structure, repeating patterns, and the similarity of segments. To this end, we explored mapping…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Frank Heyen , Quynh Quang Ngo , Michael Sedlmair

In this demo we show a novel approach to score following. Instead of relying on some symbolic representation, we are using a multi-modal convolutional neural network to match the incoming audio stream directly to sheet music images. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Matthias Dorfer , Andreas Arzt , Sebastian Böck , Amaury Durand , Gerhard Widmer

In this work, we investigate the personalization of text-to-music diffusion models in a few-shot setting. Motivated by recent advances in the computer vision domain, we are the first to explore the combination of pre-trained text-to-audio…

Music rearrangement is a common music practice of reconstructing and reconceptualizing a piece using new composition or instrumentation styles, which is also an important task of automatic music generation. Existing studies typically model…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Jingwei Zhao , Gus Xia , Ye Wang

This paper introduces a simple method for producing multichannel MIDI music that is based on randomness and simple probabilities. One distinctive feature of the method is that it produces and sends in parallel to the sound card more than…

Sound · Computer Science 2013-12-17 Yannis Tzitzikas

A representation technique that allows encoding music in a way that contains musical meaning would improve the results of any model trained for computer music tasks like generation of melodies and harmonies of better quality. The field of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Sebastian Garcia-Valencia

We propose Composition Sampling, a simple but effective method to generate diverse outputs for conditional generation of higher quality compared to previous stochastic decoding strategies. It builds on recently proposed plan-based neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Shashi Narayan , Gonçalo Simões , Yao Zhao , Joshua Maynez , Dipanjan Das , Michael Collins , Mirella Lapata