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Recent developments in AI safety research have called for red-teaming methods that effectively surface potential risks posed by generative AI models, with growing emphasis on how red-teamers' backgrounds and perspectives shape their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wesley Hanwen Deng , Mingxi Yan , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Akshita Jha , Lauren Wilcox , Kenneth Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Leon A. Gatys

Defending computer networks from cyber attack requires timely responses to alerts and threat intelligence. Decisions about how to respond involve coordinating actions across multiple nodes based on imperfect indicators of compromise while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 John Mern , Kyle Hatch , Ryan Silva , Cameron Hickert , Tamim Sookoor , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Red teaming has evolved from its origins in military applications to become a widely adopted methodology in cybersecurity and AI. In this paper, we take a critical look at the practice of AI red teaming. We argue that despite its current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Subhabrata Majumdar , Brian Pendleton , Abhishek Gupta

While multi-agent interactions can be naturally modeled as a graph, the environment has traditionally been considered as a black box. We propose to create a shared agent-entity graph, where agents and environmental entities form vertices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Akshat Agarwal , Sumit Kumar , Katia Sycara

Large language model (LLM) agents are vulnerable to prompt-injection attacks that propagate through multi-step workflows, tool interactions, and persistent context, making input-output filtering alone insufficient for reliable protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hailin Liu , Eugene Ilyushin , Jie Ni , Min Zhu

Activation probes are attractive monitors for AI systems due to low cost and latency, but their real-world robustness remains underexplored. We ask: What failure modes arise under realistic, black-box adversarial pressure, and how can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Phil Blandfort , Robert Graham

Studies have shown that machine learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples in theory and practice. Where previous attacks have focused mainly on visual models that exploit the difference between human and machine perception,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Eldor Abdukhamidov , Tamer Abuhmed , Joanna C. S. Santos , Mohammed Abuhamad

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- minor perturbations added to a model's input which cause the model to output an incorrect prediction. We introduce a new method for improving the efficacy of adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chris Miller , Soroush Vosoughi

Autonomous agents are increasingly deployed in both offensive and defensive cyber operations, creating high-speed, closed-loop interactions in critical infrastructure environments. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors exploit "Living off…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yiyao Zhang , Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad

Red-teaming is a core part of the infrastructure that ensures that AI models do not produce harmful content. Unlike past technologies, the black box nature of generative AI systems necessitates a uniquely interactional mode of testing, one…

Recently, recommender systems that aim to suggest personalized lists of items for users to interact with online have drawn a lot of attention. In fact, many of these state-of-the-art techniques have been deep learning based. Recent studies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Wenqi Fan , Tyler Derr , Xiangyu Zhao , Yao Ma , Hui Liu , Jianping Wang , Jiliang Tang , Qing Li

Prompting interfaces allow users to quickly adjust the output of generative models in both vision and language. However, small changes and design choices in the prompt can lead to significant differences in the output. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Natalie Maus , Patrick Chao , Eric Wong , Jacob Gardner

Multi-agent systems achieve state-of-the-art outcomes through peer collaboration. However, when an agent in the pipeline silently drops a constraint, the system's final output may look correct even though the reasoning chain was quietly…

Deep neural networks are known to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples under white-box setting. Moreover, the malicious adversaries crafted on the surrogate (source) model often exhibit black-box transferability on other models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Xiaosen Wang , Xuanran He , Jingdong Wang , Kun He

With the growing deployment of sequential recommender systems in e-commerce and other fields, their black-box interfaces raise security concerns: models are vulnerable to extraction and subsequent adversarial manipulation. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hongyue Zhang , Mingming Li , Dongqin Liu , Hui Wang , Yaning Zhang , Xi Zhou , Honglei Lv , Jiao Dai , Jizhong Han

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

The evolution of large language models into autonomous agents introduces adversarial failures that exploit legitimate tool privileges, transforming safety evaluation in tool-augmented environments from a subjective NLP task into an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Samuel Nellessen , Tal Kachman

Many machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to almost imperceptible perturbations of their inputs. So far it was unclear how much risk adversarial perturbations carry for the safety of real-world machine learning applications because…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-19 Wieland Brendel , Jonas Rauber , Matthias Bethge

We tackle the blackbox issue of deep neural networks in the settings of reinforcement learning (RL) where neural agents learn towards maximizing reward gains in an uncontrollable way. Such learning approach is risky when the interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-13 John Yang , Gyujeong Lee , Minsung Hyun , Simyung Chang , Nojun Kwak

End-to-end autonomous driving systems have achieved significant progress, yet their adversarial robustness remains largely underexplored. In this work, we conduct a closed-loop evaluation of state-of-the-art autonomous driving agents under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ishan Sahu , Somnath Hazra , Somak Aditya , Soumyajit Dey