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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are inherently susceptible to adversarial attacks even under black-box settings, in which the adversary only has query access to the target models. In practice, while it may be possible to effectively detect such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Ren Pang , Xinyang Zhang , Shouling Ji , Xiapu Luo , Ting Wang

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed across critical domains, their security vulnerabilities pose growing risks of high-profile exploits and consequential system failures. Yet systematic approaches to evaluating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mikko Lempinen , Joni Kemppainen , Niklas Raesalmi

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet their safety mechanisms remain susceptible to adversarial attacks that exploit cognitive biases -- systematic deviations from rational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xikang Yang , Biyu Zhou , Xuehai Tang , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

The exploitation of large language models (LLMs) for malicious purposes poses significant security risks as these models become more powerful and widespread. While most existing red-teaming frameworks focus on single-turn attacks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Si Chen , Xiao Yu , Ninareh Mehrabi , Rahul Gupta , Zhou Yu , Ruoxi Jia

We address the challenge of generating diverse attack prompts for large language models (LLMs) that elicit harmful behaviors (e.g., insults, sexual content) and are used for safety fine-tuning. Rather than relying on manual prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Taeyoung Yun , Pierre-Luc St-Charles , Jinkyoo Park , Yoshua Bengio , Minsu Kim

In recent years, neural networks have been extensively deployed for computer vision tasks, particularly visual classification problems, where new algorithms reported to achieve or even surpass the human performance. Recent studies have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Dou Goodman , Hao Xin , Wang Yang , Wu Yuesheng , Xiong Junfeng , Zhang Huan

We propose algorithms to create adversarial attacks to assess model robustness in text classification problems. They can be used to create white box attacks and black box attacks while at the same time preserving the semantics and syntax of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

We describe a robust planning method for autonomous driving that mixes normal and adversarial agent predictions output by a diffusion model trained for motion prediction. We first train a diffusion model to learn an unbiased distribution of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Albert Zhao , Stefano Soatto

Trajectory prediction systems are critical for autonomous vehicle safety, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can cause catastrophic traffic behavior misinterpretations. Existing attack methods require white-box access with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Jiaxiang Li , Jun Yan , Daniel Watzenig , Huilin Yin

One major factor impeding more widespread adoption of deep neural networks (DNNs) is their lack of robustness, which is essential for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. This has motivated much recent work on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Abdullah Hamdi , Matthias Müller , Bernard Ghanem

As vision-language models (VLMs) gain prominence, their multimodal interfaces also introduce new safety vulnerabilities, making the safety evaluation challenging and critical. Existing red-teaming efforts are either restricted to a narrow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zhaorun Chen , Xun Liu , Mintong Kang , Jiawei Zhang , Minzhou Pan , Shuang Yang , Bo Li

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) agents into web browsers introduces security challenges that go beyond traditional web application threat models. Prior work has identified prompt injection as a new attack vector for web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Kaiyuan Zhang , Mark Tenenholtz , Kyle Polley , Jerry Ma , Denis Yarats , Ninghui Li

Recent developments in AI governance and safety research have called for red-teaming methods that can effectively surface potential risks posed by AI models. Many of these calls have emphasized how the identities and backgrounds of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Wesley Hanwen Deng , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Akshita Jha , Ken Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Lauren Wilcox , Leon A Gatys

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and decision-making by leveraging external tools. However, this tool-centric paradigm introduces a previously underexplored attack surface,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Kanghua Mo , Li Hu , Yucheng Long , Zhihao Li

While modern day web applications aim to create impact at the civilization level, they have become vulnerable to adversarial activity, where the next cyber-attack can take any shape and can originate from anywhere. The increasing scale and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-28 Tegjyot Singh Sethi , Mehmed Kantardzic

Deep models have shown their vulnerability when processing adversarial samples. As for the black-box attack, without access to the architecture and weights of the attacked model, training a substitute model for adversarial attacks has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Wenxuan Wang , Bangjie Yin , Taiping Yao , Li Zhang , Yanwei Fu , Shouhong Ding , Jilin Li , Feiyue Huang , Xiangyang Xue

Black box attacks, where adversaries have limited knowledge of the target model, pose a significant threat to machine learning systems. Adversarial examples generated with a substitute model often suffer from limited transferability to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Bar Avraham , Yisroel Mirsky

Recommender systems play a pivotal role in mitigating information overload in various fields. Nonetheless, the inherent openness of these systems introduces vulnerabilities, allowing attackers to insert fake users into the system's training…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kaike Zhang , Qi Cao , Yunfan Wu , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Generative AI is reshaping offensive cybersecurity by enabling autonomous red team agents that can plan, execute, and adapt during penetration tests. However, existing approaches face trade-offs between generality and specialization, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Strahinja Janjusevic , Anna Baron Garcia , Sohrob Kazerounian

Large Language Model (LLM) safeguards, which implement request refusals, have become a widely adopted mitigation strategy against misuse. At the intersection of adversarial machine learning and AI safety, safeguard red teaming has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zifan Wang , Christina Q. Knight , Jeremy Kritz , Willow E. Primack , Julian Michael
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