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The development of therapeutic antibodies heavily relies on accurate predictions of how antigens will interact with antibodies. Existing computational methods in antibody design often overlook crucial conformational changes that antigens…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-05 Cheng Tan , Yijie Zhang , Zhangyang Gao , Yufei Huang , Haitao Lin , Lirong Wu , Fandi Wu , Mathieu Blanchette , Stan. Z. Li

Therapeutic antibodies have been extensively studied in drug discovery and development in the past decades. Antibodies are specialized protective proteins that bind to antigens in a lock-to-key manner. The binding strength/affinity between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Bohao Xu , Yanbo Wang , Wenyu Chen , Shimin Shan

Antibodies are versatile proteins that bind to pathogens like viruses and stimulate the adaptive immune system. The specificity of antibody binding is determined by complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the tips of these Y-shaped…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-31 Wengong Jin , Jeremy Wohlwend , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Antigen-antibody binding is a critical process in the immune response. Although recent progress has advanced antibody design, current methods lack a generative framework for end-to-end modeling of full-atom antibody structures and struggle…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Wenda Wang , Yang Zhang , Zhewei Wei , Wenbing Huang

Antibodies are essential proteins responsible for immune responses in organisms, capable of specifically recognizing antigen molecules of pathogens. Recent advances in generative models have significantly enhanced rational antibody design.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Zichen Wang , Yaokun Ji , Jianing Tian , Shuangjia Zheng

We consider the problem of antibody sequence design given 3D structural information. Building on previous work, we propose a fine-tuned inverse folding model that is specifically optimised for antibody structures and outperforms generic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Frédéric A. Dreyer , Daniel Cutting , Constantin Schneider , Henry Kenlay , Charlotte M. Deane

Antibodies, crucial for immune defense, primarily rely on complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to bind and neutralize antigens, such as viruses. The design of these CDRs determines the antibody's affinity and specificity towards its…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Paulina Kulytė , Francisco Vargas , Simon Valentin Mathis , Yu Guang Wang , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Pietro Liò

Antibodies are versatile proteins that can bind to pathogens and provide effective protection for human body. Recently, deep learning-based computational antibody design has attracted popular attention since it automatically mines the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-18 Kaiyuan Gao , Lijun Wu , Jinhua Zhu , Tianbo Peng , Yingce Xia , Liang He , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Haiguang Liu , Kun He , Tie-Yan Liu

Antibodies are widely used as therapeutics, but their development requires costly affinity maturation, involving iterative mutations to enhance binding affinity.This paper explores a sequence-only scenario for affinity maturation, using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Can Chen , Karla-Luise Herpoldt , Chenchao Zhao , Zichen Wang , Marcus Collins , Shang Shang , Ron Benson

Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are critical segments of an antibody that facilitate binding to specific antigens. Current computational methods for CDR design utilize reconstruction losses and do not jointly optimize binding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Abrar Rahman Abir , Haz Sameen Shahgir , Md Rownok Zahan Ratul , Md Toki Tahmid , Greg Ver Steeg , Yue Dong

Predicting a structure of an antibody from its sequence is important since it allows for a better design process of synthetic antibodies that play a vital role in the health industry. Most of the structure of an antibody is conservative.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-23 Natalia Zenkova , Ekaterina Sedykh , Tatiana Shugaeva , Vladislav Strashko , Timofei Ermak , Aleksei Shpilman

Molecular structure generation is a fundamental problem that involves determining the 3D positions of molecules' constituents. It has crucial biological applications, such as molecular docking, protein folding, and molecular design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyin Zhou , Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Vsevolod Viliuga , Matteo Tadiello , Arne Elofsson , Hossein Azizpour

Accurate prediction of antibody structure is a central task in the design and development of monoclonal antibodies, notably to understand both their developability and their binding properties. In this article, we introduce ABodyBuilder3,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-03 Henry Kenlay , Frédéric A. Dreyer , Daniel Cutting , Daniel Nissley , Charlotte M. Deane

We present FLOWR.root, an SE(3)-equivariant flow-matching model for pocket-aware 3D ligand generation with joint potency and binding affinity prediction and confidence estimation. The model supports de novo generation, interaction- and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-26 Julian Cremer , Tuan Le , Mohammad M. Ghahremanpour , Emilia Sługocka , Filipe Menezes , Djork-Arné Clevert

The biological functions of proteins often depend on dynamic structural ensembles. In this work, we develop a flow-based generative modeling approach for learning and sampling the conformational landscapes of proteins. We repurpose highly…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-04 Bowen Jing , Bonnie Berger , Tommi Jaakkola

Therapeutic antibody candidates often require extensive engineering to improve key functional and developability properties before clinical development. This can be achieved through iterative design, where starting molecules are optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Aniruddh Raghu , Sebastian Ober , Maxwell Kazman , Hunter Elliott

Powerful generative AI models of protein-ligand structure have recently been proposed, but few of these methods support both flexible protein-ligand docking and affinity estimation. Of those that do, none can directly model multiple binding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Alex Morehead , Jianlin Cheng

Antibody design, a crucial task with significant implications across various disciplines such as therapeutics and biology, presents considerable challenges due to its intricate nature. In this paper, we tackle antigen-specific antibody…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-29 Xiangxin Zhou , Dongyu Xue , Ruizhe Chen , Zaixiang Zheng , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Proteins are essential for almost all biological processes and derive their diverse functions from complex 3D structures, which are in turn determined by their amino acid sequences. In this paper, we exploit the rich biological inductive…

Biological processes, functions, and properties are intricately linked to the ensemble of protein conformations, rather than being solely determined by a single stable conformation. In this study, we have developed P2DFlow, a generative…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Yaowei Jin , Qi Huang , Ziyang Song , Mingyue Zheng , Dan Teng , Qian Shi
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