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Antibodies offer great potential for the treatment of various diseases. However, the discovery of therapeutic antibodies through traditional wet lab methods is expensive and time-consuming. The use of generative models in designing…

Predicting the binding affinity between antigens and antibodies is fundamental to drug discovery and vaccine development. Traditional computational approaches often rely on experimentally determined 3D structures, which are scarce and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Aicha Boutorh , Soumia Bouyahiaoui , Sara Belhadj , Nour El Yakine Guendouz , Manel Kara Laouar

The computational design of antibodies with high specificity and affinity is a cornerstone of modern therapeutic development. While deep generative models have demonstrated potential, they often struggle to balance high-fidelity geometric…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-24 Yue Hu , Feng Tao , Junqing Wang , YingChao Liu

Motivation: The clinical efficacy of antibody therapeutics critically depends on high-affinity target engagement, yet laboratory affinity-maturation campaigns are slow and costly. In computational settings, most protein language models…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Xinyan Zhao , Yi-Ching Tang , Rivaaj Monsia , Victor J. Cantu , Ashwin Kumar Ramesh , Xiaozhong Liu , Zhiqiang An , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim

Antibodies are crucial proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances or antigens. The specificity of an antibody is determined by its complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), which are located in the variable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-11 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Lirong Wu , Jun Xia , Jiangbin Zheng , Xihong Yang , Yue Liu , Bozhen Hu , Stan Z. Li

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that protect the host by binding to specific antigens, and their binding is mainly determined by the Complementary Determining Regions (CDRs) in the antibody. Despite the great progress made in CDR design,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-03 Lirong Wu , Haitao Lin , Yufei Huang , Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Yunfan Liu , Tailin Wu , Stan Z. Li

Predicting the binding free energy between antibodies and antigens is a key challenge in structure-aware biomolecular modeling, with direct implications for antibody design. Most existing methods either rely solely on sequence embeddings or…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-28 Ciyuan Yu , Hongzong Li , Jiahao Ma , Shiqin Tang , Ye-Fan Hu , Jian-Dong Huang

Antibody design remains a critical challenge in therapeutic and diagnostic development, particularly for complex antigens with diverse binding interfaces. Current computational methods face two main limitations: (1) capturing geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jiameng Chen , Xiantao Cai , Jia Wu , Wenbin Hu

A pivotal area of research in antibody engineering is to find effective modifications that enhance antibody-antigen binding affinity. Traditional wet-lab experiments assess mutants in a costly and time-consuming manner. Emerging deep…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-28 Chen Liu , Mingchen Li , Yang Tan , Wenrui Gou , Guisheng Fan , Bingxin Zhou

We introduce FLOWR, a novel structure-based framework for the generation and optimization of three-dimensional ligands. FLOWR integrates continuous and categorical flow matching with equivariant optimal transport, enhanced by an efficient…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-14 Julian Cremer , Ross Irwin , Alessandro Tibo , Jon Paul Janet , Simon Olsson , Djork-Arné Clevert

Antibody therapeutics has been extensively studied in drug discovery and development within the past decades. One increasingly popular focus in the antibody discovery pipeline is the optimization step for therapeutic leads. Both traditional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-16 Yue Kang , Dawei Leng , Jinjiang Guo , Lurong Pan

The design and optimization of antibodies requires an intricate balance across multiple properties. Protein inverse folding models, capable of generating diverse sequences folding into the same structure, are promising tools for maintaining…

Designing novel proteins that bind to small molecules is a long-standing challenge in computational biology, with applications in developing catalysts, biosensors, and more. Current computational methods rely on the assumption that the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Junqi Liu , Shaoning Li , Chence Shi , Zhi Yang , Jian Tang

Accurate prediction and optimization of protein-protein binding affinity is crucial for therapeutic antibody development. Although machine learning-based prediction methods $\Delta\Delta G$ are suitable for large-scale mutant screening,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Kairi Furui , Masahito Ohue

Recent advances in geometric deep learning and generative modeling have enabled the design of novel proteins with a wide range of desired properties. However, current state-of-the-art approaches are typically restricted to generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-26 Vsevolod Viliuga , Leif Seute , Nicolas Wolf , Simon Wagner , Arne Elofsson , Jan Stühmer , Frauke Gräter

In recent decades, antibodies have emerged as indispensable therapeutics for combating diseases, particularly viral infections. However, their development has been hindered by limited structural information and labor-intensive engineering…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-01 Hongtai Jing , Zhengtao Gao , Sheng Xu , Tao Shen , Zhangzhi Peng , Shwai He , Tao You , Shuang Ye , Wei Lin , Siqi Sun

Protein structure prediction is pivotal for understanding the structure-function relationship of proteins, advancing biological research, and facilitating pharmaceutical development and experimental design. While deep learning methods and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Kaihui Cheng , Ce Liu , Qingkun Su , Jun Wang , Liwei Zhang , Yining Tang , Yao Yao , Siyu Zhu , Yuan Qi

Coarse-grained (CG) molecular models of proteins can substantially increase the time and length scales accessible to molecular dynamics simulations of proteins, but recovery of accurate all-atom (AA) ensembles from CG simulation…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Alex Berlaga , Michael S. Jones , Andrew L. Ferguson

Recently, deep learning has made rapid progress in antibody design, which plays a key role in the advancement of therapeutics. A dominant paradigm is to train a model to jointly generate the antibody sequence and the structure as a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-20 Nayoung Kim , Minsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

AlphaFold 3 (AF3) is a powerful biomolecular structure-predicting tool based on the latest deep learning algorithms and revolutionized AI model architectures. A few of papers have already investigated its accuracy in predicting different…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Yiyang Xu , Ziyou Shen , Yanqing Lv , Shutong Tan , Chun Sun , Juan Zhang