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Antibody co-design represents a critical frontier in drug development, where accurate prediction of both 1D sequence and 3D structure of complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) is essential for targeting specific epitopes. Despite recent…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Jiayang Wu , Xingyi Zhang , Xiangyu Dong , Kun Xie , Ziqi Liu , Wensheng Gan , Sibo Wang , Le Song

The accurate prediction of antigen-antibody structures is essential for advancing immunology and therapeutic development, as it helps elucidate molecular interactions that underlie immune responses. Despite recent progress with deep…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-16 Jie Gao , Jing Hu , Lihang Liu , Yang Xue , Kunrui Zhu , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang

Antibodies comprise the most versatile class of binding molecules, with numerous applications in biomedicine. Computational design of antibodies involves generating novel and diverse sequences, while maintaining structural consistency.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-21 Igor Melnyk , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das , Amit Dhurandhar , Inkit Padhi , Devleena Das

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in structure-based drug design in recent years, especially for generating 3D ligand molecules that bind to specific protein pocket. Notably, diffusion models have transformed ligand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Daiheng Zhang , Chengyue Gong , Qiang Liu

Recent advancements in protein design have leveraged diffusion models to generate structural scaffolds, followed by a process known as protein inverse folding, which involves sequence inference on these scaffolds. However, these…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Xingyi Zhang , Kun Xie , Ningqiao Huang , Wei Liu , Peilin Zhao , Sibo Wang , Kangfei Zhao , Biaobin Jiang

Computational antibody design seeks to automatically create an antibody that binds to an antigen. The binding affinity is governed by the 3D binding interface where antibody residues (paratope) closely interact with antigen residues…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-15 Wengong Jin , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

In the field of antibody engineering, an essential task is to design a novel antibody whose paratopes bind to a specific antigen with correct epitopes. Understanding antibody structure and its paratope can facilitate a mechanistic…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-08 Yining Wang , Xumeng Gong , Shaochuan Li , Bing Yang , YiWu Sun , Chuan Shi , Yangang Wang , Cheng Yang , Hui Li , Le Song

We present FrameFlow, a method for fast protein backbone generation using SE(3) flow matching. Specifically, we adapt FrameDiff, a state-of-the-art diffusion model, to the flow-matching generative modeling paradigm. We show how flow…

Deep learning-based image enhancement methods face a fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. For example, although a conventional three-dimensional Look-Up Table (3D LUT) can process a degraded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Liubing Hu , Chen Wu , Anrui Wang , Dianjie Lu , Guijuan Zhang , Zhuoran Zheng

Nanobodies (Nb) are monomeric heavy-chain fragments derived from heavy-chain only antibodies naturally found in Camelids and Sharks. Their considerably small size (~3-4 nm; 13 kDa) and favorable biophysical properties make them attractive…

The field of antibody-based therapeutics has grown significantly in recent years, with targeted antibodies emerging as a potentially effective approach to personalized therapies. Such therapies could be particularly beneficial for complex,…

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a central role in studying neurological development, aging, and diseases. One key application is Brain Age Prediction (BAP), which estimates an individual's biological brain age from MRI data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Danilo Danese , Angela Lombardi , Matteo Attimonelli , Giuseppe Fasano , Tommaso Di Noia

Antibodies play a central role in the immune response by specifically recognizing and neutralizing antigens, and therapeutic antibodies have become major drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, their discovery still relies on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-29 Xiao Luo

We introduce AbDiffuser, an equivariant and physics-informed diffusion model for the joint generation of antibody 3D structures and sequences. AbDiffuser is built on top of a new representation of protein structure, relies on a novel…

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), aiming to generate 3D molecules with high binding affinity toward target proteins, is a vital approach in novel drug discovery. Although recent generative models have shown great potential, they suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jingyuan Zhou , Hao Qian , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Deep generative models that produce novel molecular structures have the potential to facilitate chemical discovery. Flow matching is a recently proposed generative modeling framework that has achieved impressive performance on a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ian Dunn , David R. Koes

Recent advances in diffusion models have shown remarkable potential for antibody design, yet existing approaches apply uniform generation strategies that cannot adapt to each antigen's unique requirements. Inspired by B cell affinity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hanqi Feng , Peng Qiu , Mengchun Zhang , Yiran Tao , You Fan , Jingtao Xu , Barnabas Poczos

Antibody binding site prediction plays a pivotal role in computational immunology and therapeutic antibody design. Existing sequence or structure methods rely on single-view features and fail to identify antibody-specific binding sites on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hongzong Li , Jiahao Ma , Zhanpeng Shi , Rui Xiao , Fanming Jin , Ye-Fan Hu , Hangjun Che , Jian-Dong Huang

Accurate prediction of antibody-antigen (Ab-Ag) interfaces is critical for vaccine design, immunodiagnostics, and therapeutic antibody development. However, achieving reliable predictions from sequences alone remains a challenge. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhang-Yu You , Jiahao Ma , Hongzong Li , Ye-Fan Hu , Jian-Dong Huang

The conformational landscape of proteins is crucial to understanding their functionality in complex biological processes. Traditional physics-based computational methods, such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, suffer from rare event…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-25 Yan Wang , Lihao Wang , Yuning Shen , Yiqun Wang , Huizhuo Yuan , Yue Wu , Quanquan Gu