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This paper presents a comprehensive cryogenic analog signal processing architecture designed for superconducting qubit control and quantum state readout operating at 4 Kelvin. The proposed system implements a complete bidirectional signal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Deepak R , Lokendra Kanawat , Jayadeep K , Priyesh Shukla

Conventional CMOS technology operated at cryogenic conditions has recently attracted interest for its uses in low-noise electronics. We present one of the first characterizations of 180 nm CMOS technology at a temperature of 100 mK,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-24 Roger Huang , Dario Gnani , Carl Grace , Yury Kolomensky , Yuan Mei , Aikaterini Papadopoulou

Quantum processing units will be modules of larger information processing systems containing also digital and analog electronics modules. Silicon-based quantum computing offers the enticing opportunity to manufacture all the modules using…

This paper reports the first cryogenic characterization of 28nm Fully-Depleted-SOI CMOS technology. A comprehensive study of digital/analog performances and body-biasing from room to the liquid helium temperature is presented. Despite a…

Current superconducting quantum computing platforms face significant scaling challenges, as individual signal lines are required for control of each qubit. This wiring overhead is a result of the low level of integration between control…

Quantum computing technology is maturing at a relentless pace, yet individual quantum bits are wired one by one. As quantum processors become more complex, they require efficient interfaces to deliver signals for control and readout while…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 S. Schaal , A. Rossi , S. Barraud , J. J. L. Morton , M. F. Gonzalez-Zalba

Trapped-ion quantum information processors offer many advantages for achieving high-fidelity operations on a large number of qubits, but current experiments require bulky external equipment for classical and quantum control of many ions. We…

The challenges of operating qubits in a cryogenic environment point to a looming bottleneck for large-scale quantum processors, limited by the number of input-output connections. Classical processors solve this problem via multiplexing;…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 M. A. Wolfe , Thomas McJunkin , Daniel R. Ward , DeAnna Campbell , Mark Friesen , M. A. Eriksson

The bandwidth limit between cryogenic and room-temperature environments is a critical bottleneck in superconducting noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. This paper presents the first trial of algorithm-aware system-level optimization…

Quantum thermodynamics aims at extending standard thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to systems with sizes well below the thermodynamic limit. A rapidly evolving research field, which promises to change our understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Fabrizio Cleri

This study maps the quantum landscape of superconducting diodes (SDs) \cite{nadeem23} onto the quantum technology architecture, which is currently constrained by fundamental challenges in control and scalability. In the existing…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-04-17 Muhammad Nadeem , Xiaolin Wang

We describe a cryogenic instrumentation platform incorporating commercially-available field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) configured to operate well beyond their specified temperature range. The instrument enables signal routing,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-01-20 I. D. Conway Lamb , J. I. Colless , J. M. Hornibrook , S. J. Pauka , S. J. Waddy , M. K. Frechtling , D. J. Reilly

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) at cryogenic temperatures enable a wide range of applications in scalable classical and quantum systems for computing and sensing. A promising application of cryogenic PICs is to provide optical…

Large-scale cryogenic Input-Output (IO) infrastructure is a requirement for realising fault-tolerant quantum computing in solid-state modalities. Such IO scaling presents significant challenges in thermal modelling, hardware design and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Scott A. Manifold , George B. Long , Jonathan J. Burnett

Challenges at the quantum-classical interface are examined with the goal of architecting a scaled-up quantum computer comprising many thousands of qubits in the solid-state. Separating the distinct sub-systems of the interface that perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-12 D. J. Reilly

Superconducting quantum computers have emerged as a leading platform for next-generation computing, offering exceptional scalability and unprecedented computational speeds. However, scaling these systems to millions of qubits for practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Yong-Bok Lee , Connor Devitt , Xu Zhu , Nicholas Yost , Yabei Gu , Sunil A. Bhave

Silicon carbide is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with an emerging CMOS technology platform and it is widely deployed in high power and harsh environment electronics. This material is also attracting interest for quantum technologies through…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Megan Powell , Euan Parry , Conor McGeough , Alexander Zotov , Alessandro Rossi

Neural decoders for quantum error correction (QEC) rely on neural networks to classify syndromes extracted from error correction codes and find appropriate recovery operators to protect logical information against errors. Its ability to…

Superconducting quantum circuits operate at millikelvin temperatures, typically requiring independent microwave cables for each qubit for connecting room-temperature control and readout electronics. However, scaling to large-scale…

Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems, and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack…