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Despite recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation, the quality of LLM-generated code still faces significant challenges. One significant issue is code repetition, which refers to the model's tendency to generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Mingwei Liu , Juntao Li , Ying Wang , Xueying Du , Zuoyu Ou , Qiuyuan Chen , Bingxu An , Zhao Wei , Yong Xu , Fangming Zou , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various tasks, but their deployment in high-stake domains requires consistent and coherent behavior across multiple rounds of user interaction. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao , Xueying Ding , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

The detection of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is critical for privacy compliance but remains challenging in low-resource languages due to linguistic diversity and limited annotated data. We present RECAP, a hybrid framework…

Existing large language models (LLMs) evaluation methods typically focus on testing the performance on some closed-environment and domain-specific benchmarks with human annotations. In this paper, we explore a novel unsupervised evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kun-Peng Ning , Shuo Yang , Yu-Yang Liu , Jia-Yu Yao , Zhen-Hui Liu , Yong-Hong Tian , Yibing Song , Li Yuan

Conformal prediction is a flexible framework for calibrating machine learning predictions, providing distribution-free statistical guarantees. In outlier detection, this calibration relies on a reference set of labeled inlier data to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Meshi Bashari , Matteo Sesia , Yaniv Romano

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in natural language generation (NLG) tasks remains an open challenge, exacerbated by the closed-source nature of the latest large language models (LLMs). This study investigates applying conformal prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhiyuan Wang , Jinhao Duan , Lu Cheng , Yue Zhang , Qingni Wang , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu , Hengtao Shen , Xiaofeng Zhu

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Claude-3, and Gemini has transformed the field of natural language processing. However, it has also resulted in a significant issue known as Benchmark Data Contamination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Cheng Xu , Shuhao Guan , Derek Greene , M-Tahar Kechadi

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on the huge amount of pre-training data learned in the pre-training phase. The opacity of the pre-training process and the training data causes the results of many benchmark tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Shiwen Ni , Xiangtao Kong , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Jia Zhu , Min Yang

Synthetic data has become essential for training foundation models, yet benchmark contamination threatens evaluation integrity. Although existing detection methods identify token-level overlap, they fail to detect semantic-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sushant Mehta

Recent advances in computer vision have made training object detectors more efficient and effective; however, assessing their performance in real-world applications still relies on costly manual annotation. To address this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seungju Yoo , Hyuk Kwon , Joong-Won Hwang , Kibok Lee

In the era of information overload, personalized news headline generation is crucial for engaging users by tailoring content to their preferences while accurately conveying news facts. Existing methods struggle with effectively capturing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Raymond Wilson , Cole Graham , Chase Carter , Zefeng Yang , Ruiqi Gu

Accurate confidence estimation is essential for trustworthy large language models (LLMs) systems, as it empowers the user to determine when to trust outputs and enables reliable deployment in safety-critical applications. Current confidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Mingruo Yuan , Shuyi Zhang , Ben Kao

Data contamination presents a critical barrier preventing widespread industrial adoption of advanced software engineering techniques that leverage code language models (CLMs). This phenomenon occurs when evaluation data inadvertently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jialun Cao , Songqiang Chen , Wuqi Zhang , Hau Ching Lo , Shing-Chi Cheung

We study binary classification in the setting where the learner is presented with multiple corrupted training samples, with possibly different sample sizes and degrees of corruption, and introduce an approach based on minimizing a weighted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-11 Clayton Scott , Jianxin Zhang

Consistency, which refers to the capability of generating the same predictions for semantically similar contexts, is a highly desirable property for a sound language understanding model. Although recent pretrained language models (PLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Myeongjun Jang , Deuk Sin Kwon , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The problem of corrupted data, missing features, or missing modalities continues to plague the modern machine learning landscape. To address this issue, a class of regularization methods that enforce consistency between imputed and fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yinsong Wang , Shahin Shahrampour

As world knowledge advances and new task schemas emerge, Continual Learning (CL) becomes essential for keeping Large Language Models (LLMs) current and addressing their shortcomings. This process typically involves continual instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Haokun Zhao , Haixia Han , Jie Shi , Chengyu Du , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

The complexity of modern computing environments and the growing sophistication of cyber threats necessitate a more robust, adaptive, and automated approach to security enforcement. In this paper, we present a framework leveraging large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Pablo Fernández Saura , K. R. Jayaram , Vatche Isahagian , Jorge Bernal Bernabé , Antonio Skarmeta

Benchmark datasets are critical for reproducible, reliable, and discriminative evaluation of LLMs. However, recent studies reveal that many benchmark datasets are included in pretraining corpora, i.e., $\textit{contaminated}$, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Al-Lawati , Jason Lucas , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Cyber security threats have been growing significantly in both volume and sophistication over the past decade. This poses great challenges to malware detection without considerable automation. In this paper, we have proposed a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Jason Zhang
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