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Activation steering is a method for controlling Large Language Model (LLM) behavior by intervening in its internal representations to increase the alignment with a specific target feature direction. However, standard interventions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tam Nguyen , Tu Anh Nguyen , Sina Alemohammad , Richard G. Baraniuk

The great success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has expanded the potential of multimodality, contributing to the gradual evolution of General Artificial Intelligence (AGI). A true AGI agent should not only possess the capability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yuying Ge , Sijie Zhao , Ziyun Zeng , Yixiao Ge , Chen Li , Xintao Wang , Ying Shan

Controllable generation requires language models to realize output characteristics such as reading level, politeness, and toxicity. Existing steering methods are often indirect, require access to internal activations, or depend on auxiliary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hyeseon An , Shinwoo Park , Hyundong Jin , Yo-Sub Han

Diverse decoding of large language models is crucial for applications requiring multiple semantically distinct responses, yet existing methods primarily achieve lexical rather than semantic diversity. This limitation significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Weijie Shi , Yue Cui , Yaguang Wu , Jingzhi Fang , Shibo Zhang , Mengze Li , Sirui Han , Jia Zhu , Jiajie Xu , Xiaofang Zhou

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in integrating visual and textual information for understanding and reasoning, but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While activation steering has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sihao Wu , Gaojie Jin , Wei Huang , Jianhong Wang , Xiaowei Huang

Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked powerful cross-modal reasoning abilities, but also raised new safety concerns, particularly when faced with adversarial multimodal inputs. To improve the safety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Lyucheng Wu , Mengru Wang , Ziwen Xu , Tri Cao , Nay Oo , Bryan Hooi , Shumin Deng

In the rapid development of artificial intelligence, solving complex AI tasks is a crucial technology in intelligent mobile networks. Despite the good performance of specialized AI models in intelligent mobile networks, they are unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Lei Yao , Yong Zhang , Zilong Yan , Jialu Tian

Steering language models (LMs) by modifying internal activations is a popular approach for controlling text generation. Unsupervised dictionary learning methods, e.g., sparse autoencoders, can be scaled to produce many steering vectors, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jiuding Sun , Sidharth Baskaran , Zhengxuan Wu , Michael Sklar , Christopher Potts , Atticus Geiger

Aligned representations across languages is a desired property in multilingual large language models (mLLMs), as alignment can improve performance in cross-lingual tasks. Typically alignment requires fine-tuning a model, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Anirudh Sundar , Sinead Williamson , Katherine Metcalf , Barry-John Theobald , Skyler Seto , Masha Fedzechkina

The development of AI-assisted Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is severely constrained by data scarcity. Furthermore, while Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) serves as the gold standard for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Junhong Lai , Shuzhong Lai , Yanhao Yu , Wanlin Chen , Chenyu Yan , Haifeng Li , Lin Yao , Yueming Wang

Recent adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs) for time series forecasting often fail to effectively enhance information for raw series, leaving LLM reasoning capabilities underutilized. Existing prompting strategies rely on static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Junjie Fan , Hongye Zhao , Linduo Wei , Jiayu Rao , Guijia Li , Jiaxin Yuan , Wenqi Xu , Yong Qi

Large language models have transformed AI, yet reliably controlling their outputs remains a challenge. This paper explores activation engineering, where outputs of pre-trained LLMs are controlled by manipulating their activations at…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Joris Postmus , Steven Abreu

Recent advances in large language models have prompted researchers to examine their abilities across a variety of linguistic tasks, but little has been done to investigate how models handle the interactions in meaning across words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Lindia Tjuatja , Emmy Liu , Lori Levin , Graham Neubig

Inference-time LLM alignment methods, particularly activation steering, offer an alternative to fine-tuning by directly modifying activations during generation. Existing methods, however, often rely on non-anticipative interventions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Julian Skifstad , Xinyue Annie Yang , Glen Chou

Existing large language models (LLMs) that mainly focus on Standard American English (SAE) often lead to significantly worse performance when being applied to other English dialects. While existing mitigations tackle discrepancies for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Yanchen Liu , William Held , Diyi Yang

Large language models can be steered at inference time through prompting or activation interventions, but activation steering methods often underperform compared to prompt-based approaches. We propose a framework that formulates prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Geert Heyman , Frederik Vandeputte

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) enables the rise of App agents that interpret user intent and operate smartphone Apps through actions such as clicking and scrolling. While prompt-based solutions with proprietary LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Bohan Tang , Dezhao Luo , Jianheng Liu , Jingxuan Chen , Shaogang Gong , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

With the rapid advancement and widespread application of vision-language pre-training (VLP) models, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks has become a critical concern. In general, the adversarial examples can typically be designed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanbo Li , Tianyang Xu , Cong Hu , Tao Zhou , Xiao-Jun Wu , Josef Kittler

This research explores strategies for steering the output of large language models (LLMs) towards specific styles, such as sentiment, emotion, or writing style, by adding style vectors to the activations of hidden layers during text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Kai Konen , Sophie Jentzsch , Diaoulé Diallo , Peer Schütt , Oliver Bensch , Roxanne El Baff , Dominik Opitz , Tobias Hecking

Large language models (LLMs) have opened new paradigms in optimization modeling by enabling the generation of executable solver code from natural language descriptions. Despite this promise, existing approaches typically remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yansen Zhang , Qingcan Kang , Yujie Chen , Yufei Wang , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan , Chen Ma