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In this paper we study time-consistent risk measures for returns that are given by a GARCH(1,1) model. We present a construction of risk measures based on their static counterparts that overcomes the lack of time-consistency. We then study…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-02 Claudia Klüppelberg , Jianing Zhang

Process Model Forecasting (PMF) aims to predict how the control-flow structure of a process evolves over time by modeling the temporal dynamics of directly-follows (DF) relations, complementing predictive process monitoring that focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yongbo Yu , Jari Peeperkorn , Johannes De Smedt , Jochen De Weerdt

The purpose of this paper is to propose a time-varying vector autoregressive model (TV-VAR) for forecasting multivariate time series. The model is casted into a state-space form that allows flexible description and analysis. The volatility…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 K. Triantafyllopoulos

Efficient exploration is one of the most important issues in deep reinforcement learning. To address this issue, recent methods consider the value function parameters as random variables, and resort variational inference to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Haotian Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Jianyong Sun , Zongben Xu

When AI systems make errors in high-stakes domains like medical diagnosis or autonomous vehicles, a single algorithmic flaw across varying operational contexts can generate highly heterogeneous losses that challenge traditional insurance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki

This article presents a new method for forecasting Value at Risk. Convolutional neural networks can do time series forecasting, since they can learn local patterns in time. A simple modification enables them to forecast not the mean, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Gábor Petneházi

The rise in energy demand highlights the importance of suitable subsurface storage, requiring detailed and accurate subsurface characterization often reliant on high-quality borehole well log data. However, obtaining complete well-log data…

Given the high volatility and susceptibility to extreme events in the cryptocurrency market, forecasting tail risk is of paramount importance. Value-at-Risk (VaR), a quantile-based risk measure, is widely used for assessing tail risk and is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Wenchao Xu , Xinyu Zhang , Jeng-Min Chiou , Yuying Sun

A long memory and non-linear realized volatility model class is proposed for direct Value at Risk (VaR) forecasting. This model, referred to as RNN-HAR, extends the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model, a framework known for efficiently…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-27 Rangika Peiris , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Chao Wang , Richard Gerlach

This paper introduces an Artificial Intelligence (AI) foundation model for time series in engineering applications, where causal operations are required for real-time monitoring and control. Since engineering time series are governed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Lang Tong , Xinyi Wang

We focus on the time-varying modeling of VaR at a given coverage $\tau$, assessing whether the quantiles of the distribution of the returns standardized by their conditional means and standard deviations exhibit predictable dynamics. Models…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-01 Fabrizio Cipollini , Giampiero M. Gallo , Alessandro Palandri

We develop a novel multivariate semi-parametric framework for joint portfolio Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) forecasting. Unlike existing univariate semi-parametric approaches, the proposed framework explicitly models the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-23 Giuseppe Storti , Chao Wang

In financial risk management, Value at Risk (VaR) is widely used to estimate potential portfolio losses. VaR's limitation is its inability to account for the magnitude of losses beyond a certain threshold. Expected Shortfall (ES) addresses…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-10 Federico Gatta , Fabrizio Lillo , Piero Mazzarisi

Foundation Models are designed to serve as versatile embedding machines, with strong zero shot capabilities and superior generalization performance when fine-tuned on diverse downstream tasks. While this is largely true for language and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nouha Karaouli , Denis Coquenet , Elisa Fromont , Martial Mermillod , Marina Reyboz

We propose a parsimonious quantile regression framework to learn the dynamic tail behaviors of financial asset returns. Our model captures well both the time-varying characteristic and the asymmetrical heavy-tail property of financial time…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-19 Xing Yan , Weizhong Zhang , Lin Ma , Wei Liu , Qi Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Foundation Models (FMs) have recently become prevalent for time series forecasting tasks. While fine-tuning LLMs enables domain adaptation, they often struggle to generalize across diverse and unseen…

Value-at-risk (VaR) is an established measure to assess risks in critical real-world applications with random environmental factors. This paper presents a novel VaR upper confidence bound (V-UCB) algorithm for maximizing the VaR of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Quoc Phong Nguyen , Zhongxiang Dai , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

As the increasing application of AI in finance, this paper will leverage AI algorithms to examine tail risk and develop a model to alter tail risk to promote the stability of US financial markets, and enhance the resilience of the US…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-08 Zong Ke , Yuchen Yin

Risk measures are important key figures to measure the adequacy of the reserves of a company. The most common risk measures in practice are Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). Recently, quantum-based algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Christian Laudagé , Ivica Turkalj

AI models, including both time-series-specific and general-purpose Foundation Models (FMs), have demonstrated strong potential in time-series forecasting across sectors like finance. However, these models are highly sensitive to input…