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The autoregressive (AR) model is a widely used model to understand time series data. Traditionally, the innovation noise of the AR is modeled as Gaussian. However, many time series applications, for example, financial time series data, are…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-27 Junyan Liu , Sandeep Kumar , Daniel P. Palomar

This study explores the potential of zero-shot time series forecasting, an innovative approach leveraging pre-trained foundation models, to forecast mortality rates without task-specific fine-tuning. We evaluate two state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Gabor Petnehazi , Laith Al Shaggah , Jozsef Gall , Bernadett Aradi

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

The zero-shot capabilities of foundation models (FMs) for time series forecasting offer promising potentials in conformal prediction, as most of the available data can be allocated to calibration. This study compares the performance of Time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sami Achour , Yassine Bouher , Duong Nguyen , Nicolas Chesneau

We propose a risk-averse statistical learning framework wherein the performance of a learning algorithm is evaluated by the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of losses rather than the expected loss. We devise algorithms based on stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Tasuku Soma , Yuichi Yoshida

Accurate forecasting of electric load and renewable generation is essential for reliable and cost effective power system operations. Recent advances in transformer based and foundation machine learning models, driven by large scale…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) offer strong zero-shot forecasting via large-scale pre-training, yet fine-tuning remains critical for boosting performance in domains with limited public data. With the growing number of TSFMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qingren Yao , Ming Jin , Chengqi Zhang , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Jun Qi , Shirui Pan

The joint Value at Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) quantile regression model of Taylor (2017) is extended via incorporating a realized measure, to drive the tail risk dynamics, as a potentially more efficient driver than daily…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-23 Richard Gerlach , Chao Wang

Under the framework of dynamic conditional score, we propose a parametric forecasting model for Value-at-Risk based on the normal inverse Gaussian distribution (Hereinafter NIG-DCS-VaR), which creatively incorporates intraday information…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-07 Shijia Song , Handong Li

Optimizing risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) of a general loss distribution is usually difficult, because 1) the loss function might lack structural properties such as convexity or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Helin Zhu , Joshua Hale , Enlu Zhou

To comply with increasingly stringent international standards in risk management and regulation, several approaches have been developed in the literature for forecasting tail-risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-02 Alessandra Amendola , Vincenzo Candila , Antonio Naimoli , Giuseppe Storti

Estimation of the value-at-risk (VaR) of a large portfolio of assets is an important task for financial institutions. As the joint log-returns of asset prices can often be projected to a latent space of a much smaller dimension, the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Robert Sicks , Stefanie Grimm , Ralf Korn , Ivo Richert

Conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) and value-at-risk (VaR) are popular tail-risk measures in finance and insurance industries as well as in highly reliable, safety-critical uncertain environments where often the underlying probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Shubhada Agrawal , Wouter M. Koolen , Sandeep Juneja

Forecasting agricultural markets remains challenging due to nonlinear dynamics, structural breaks, and sparse data. A long-standing belief holds that simple time-series methods outperform more advanced alternatives. This paper provides the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Le Wang , Boyuan Zhang

This study investigates zero-shot forecasting capabilities of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) for macroeconomic indicators. We apply TSFMs to forecasting economic indicators under univariate conditions, bypassing the need for train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jittarin Jetwiriyanon , Teo Susnjak , Surangika Ranathunga

This study introduces a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) framework for forecasting value at risk (VaR) and stressed VaR (SVaR) and compares its performance to several commonly applied models. Using daily S&P 500 index returns from 1991 to…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-08 Eden Gross , Ryan Kruger , Francois Toerien

We consider calculation of capital requirements when the underlying economic scenarios are determined by simulatable risk factors. In the respective nested simulation framework, the goal is to estimate portfolio tail risk, quantified via…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-18 Michael Ludkovski , James Risk

Time series prediction with missing values is an important problem of time series analysis since complete data is usually hard to obtain in many real-world applications. To model the generation of time series, autoregressive (AR) model is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-28 Xi Chen , Hongzhi Wang , Yanjie Wei , Jianzhong Li , Hong Gao

Decision-making in building energy systems critically depends on the predictive accuracy of relevant time-series models. In scenarios lacking extensive data from a target building, foundation models (FMs) represent a promising technology…

Time series foundation models have recently gained a lot of attention due to their ability to model complex time series data encompassing different domains including traffic, energy, and weather. Although they exhibit strong average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shivani Tomar , Seshu Tirupathi , Elizabeth Daly , Ivana Dusparic