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Generative modeling and clustering are conventionally distinct tasks in machine learning. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been widely explored for their ability to integrate both, providing a framework for generative clustering.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jorge da Silva Gonçalves , Laura Manduchi , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Julia E. Vogt

Nonparametric random coefficient (RC)-density estimation has mostly been considered in the marginal density case under strict independence of RCs and covariates. This paper deals with the estimation of RC-densities conditional on a…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-01-21 Stephan Martin

One of the fundamental problems in machine learning is the estimation of a probability distribution from data. Many techniques have been proposed to study the structure of data, most often building around the assumption that observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-22 Oren Rippel , Ryan Prescott Adams

A kernel density estimator (KDE) is one of the most popular non-parametric density estimators. In this paper we focus on a best bandwidth selection method for use in an analogue of a classical KDE using the tropical symmetric distance,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-30 Ruriko Yoshida , Zhiwen Wang

Set prediction is about learning to predict a collection of unordered variables with unknown interrelations. Training such models with set losses imposes the structure of a metric space over sets. We focus on stochastic and underdefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 David W. Zhang , Gertjan J. Burghouts , Cees G. M. Snoek

We present an operator-free, measure-theoretic approach to the conditional mean embedding (CME) as a random variable taking values in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. While the kernel mean embedding of unconditional distributions has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Junhyung Park , Krikamol Muandet

Decision trees are a popular family of models due to their attractive properties such as interpretability and ability to handle heterogeneous data. Concurrently, missing data is a prevalent occurrence that hinders performance of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Pasha Khosravi , Antonio Vergari , YooJung Choi , Yitao Liang , Guy Van den Broeck

Learning the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of an outcome variable conditional on a set of features remains challenging, especially in high-dimensional settings. Conditional transformation models provide a semi-parametric approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Philipp F. M. Baumann , Torsten Hothorn , David Rügamer

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

This paper presents a brand new nonparametric density estimation strategy named the best-scored random forest density estimation whose effectiveness is supported by both solid theoretical analysis and significant experimental performance.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-10 Hanyuan Hang , Hongwei Wen

Interpretability is crucial for doctors, hospitals, pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology corporations to analyze and make decisions for high stakes problems that involve human health. Tree-based methods have been widely adopted for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Rui Zhang , Rui Xin , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Density estimation is a central primitive in probabilistic modeling, yet continuous, discrete, and mixed-variable domains are often treated by separate objectives, limiting the ability to exploit a common statistical structure across data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhijun Zeng , Yixuan Jiang , Pipi Hu , Zuoqiang Shi

Kernel density estimators (KDEs) are ubiquitous tools for nonparametric estimation of probability density functions (PDFs), when data are obtained from unknown data generating processes. The KDEs that are typically available in software…

Computation · Statistics 2018-08-07 Andrew T. Jones , Hien D. Nguyen , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

State-of-the-art clustering algorithms use heuristics to partition the feature space and provide little insight into the rationale for cluster membership, limiting their interpretability. In healthcare applications, the latter poses a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Dimitris Bertsimas , Agni Orfanoudaki , Holly Wiberg

Sampling from unnormalized multimodal distributions with limited density evaluations remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning and natural sciences. Successful approaches construct a bridge between a tractable reference and the…

We consider estimating the density of a response conditioning on an error-prone covariate. Motivated by two existing kernel density estimators in the absence of covariate measurement error, we propose a method to correct the existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-09 Xianzheng Huang , Haiming Zhou

Neural network-based methods for (un)conditional density estimation have recently gained substantial attention, as various neural density estimators have outperformed classical approaches in real-data experiments. Despite these empirical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-02 Dehao Dai , Jianqing Fan , Yihong Gu , Debarghya Mukherjee

Random forests are an ensemble method relevant for many problems, such as regression or classification. They are popular due to their good predictive performance (compared to, e.g., decision trees) requiring only minimal tuning of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Nikolaus Umlauf , Nadja Klein

Regression models for supervised learning problems with a continuous target are commonly understood as models for the conditional mean of the target given predictors. This notion is simple and therefore appealing for interpretation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-09 Torsten Hothorn , Achim Zeileis

How to obtain a model with good interpretability and performance has always been an important research topic. In this paper, we propose rectified decision trees (ReDT), a knowledge distillation based decision trees rectification with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jiawang Bai , Yiming Li , Jiawei Li , Yong Jiang , Shutao Xia