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Random forests is a common non-parametric regression technique which performs well for mixed-type data and irrelevant covariates, while being robust to monotonic variable transformations. Existing random forest implementations target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-04 Taylor Pospisil , Ann B. Lee

The estimation of probability densities based on available data is a central task in many statistical applications. Especially in the case of large ensembles with many samples or high-dimensional sample spaces, computationally efficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-04 Daniel W. Meyer

We propose a way of transforming the problem of conditional density estimation into a single nonparametric regression task via the introduction of auxiliary samples. This allows leveraging regression methods that work well in high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-25 Alexander G. Reisach , Olivier Collier , Alex Luedtke , Antoine Chambaz

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a popular statistical technique for estimating the underlying density distribution with minimal assumptions. Although they can be shown to achieve asymptotic estimation optimality for any input…

Computation · Statistics 2011-02-15 Dongryeol Lee , Alexander G. Gray , Andrew W. Moore

When analysing binary data, the ease at which one can interpret results is very important. Many existing methods, however, discover either models that are difficult to read, or return so many results interpretation becomes impossible. Here,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Nikolaj Tatti , Jilles Vreeken

Recently, distribution element trees (DETs) were introduced as an accurate and computationally efficient method for density estimation. In this work, we demonstrate that the DET formulation promotes an easy and inexpensive way to generate…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-15 Daniel W. Meyer

By seeking the narrowest prediction intervals (PIs) that satisfy the specified coverage probability requirements, the recently proposed quality-based PI learning principle can extract high-quality PIs that better summarize the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Lin Zhu , Jiaxing Lu , Yihong Chen

Understanding and inferencing Heterogeneous Treatment Effects (HTE) and Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATE) are vital for developing personalized treatment recommendations. Many state-of-the-art approaches achieve inspiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Chan Hsu , Jun-Ting Wu , Yihuang Kang

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is one of the most widely used nonparametric density estimation methods. The fact that it is a memory-based method, i.e., it uses the entire training data set for prediction, makes it unsuitable for most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Joseph A. Gallego , Juan F. Osorio , Fabio A. González

Credible intervals and credible sets, such as highest posterior density (HPD) intervals, form an integral statistical tool in Bayesian phylogenetics, both for phylogenetic analyses and for development. Readily available for continuous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jonathan Klawitter , Alexei J. Drummond

Density Estimation Trees can play an important role in exploratory data analysis for multidimensional, multi-modal data models of large samples. I briefly discuss the algorithm, a self-optimization technique based on kernel density…

Applications · Statistics 2015-02-04 Lucio Anderlini

Decision trees are a commonly used class of machine learning models valued for their interpretability and versatility, capable of both classification and regression. We propose ZTree, a novel decision tree learning framework that replaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Eric Cheng , Jie Cheng

In order to develop reliable services using machine learning, it is important to understand the uncertainty of the model outputs. Often the probability distribution that the prediction target follows has a complex shape, and a mixture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ryuichi Kanoh , Tomu Yanabe

The field of machine learning is subject to an increasing interest in models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust, thus allowing their end users to understand and trust AI systems. This paper presents a novel method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Valentin Lemaire , Gaël Aglin , Siegfried Nijssen

A prominent family of methods for learning data distributions relies on density ratio estimation (DRE), where a model is trained to $\textit{classify}$ between data samples and samples from some reference distribution. DRE-based models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Shahar Yadin , Noam Elata , Tomer Michaeli

In health and social sciences, it is critically important to identify subgroups of the study population where there is notable heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) with respect to the population average. Decision trees have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-28 Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi , Riccardo Cadei , Kwonsang Lee , Francesca Dominici

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently achieved significant advances in various domains. However, explaining the policy of RL agents still remains an open problem due to several factors, one being the complexity of explaining neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zihan Ding , Pablo Hernandez-Leal , Gavin Weiguang Ding , Changjian Li , Ruitong Huang

Decision tree learning is a popular classification technique most commonly used in machine learning applications. Recent work has shown that decision trees can be used to represent provably-correct controllers concisely. Compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Pranav Ashok , Mathias Jackermeier , Pushpak Jagtap , Jan Křetínský , Maximilian Weininger , Majid Zamani

Recent methodological developments have introduced new black-box approaches to better estimate heterogeneous treatment effects; however, these methods fall short of providing interpretable characterizations of the underlying individuals who…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-19 Melody Huang , Tiffany M. Tang , Ana M. Kenney

With histograms as its foundation, we develop Categorical Exploratory Data Analysis (CEDA) under the extreme-$K$ sample problem, and illustrate its universal applicability through four 1D categorical datasets. Given a sizable $K$, CEDA's…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-31 Elizabeth Chou , Catie McVey , Yin-Chen Hsieh , Sabrina Enriquez , Fushing Hsieh