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Knowledge tracing consists in predicting the performance of some students on new questions given their performance on previous questions, and can be a prior step to optimizing assessment and learning. Deep knowledge tracing (DKT) is a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jill-Jênn Vie , Hisashi Kashima

As the rapid development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in the past decade, tracing the students' knowledge state has become more and more important in order to provide individualized learning guidance. This is the main idea of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhongfeng Jia , Wei Su , Jiamin Liu , Wenli Yue

Modelling student knowledge is a key challenge when leveraging AI in education, with major implications for personalised learning. The Knowledge Tracing (KT) task aims to predict how students will respond to educational questions in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Max Norris , Kobi Gal , Sahan Bulathwela

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to estimate a student's evolving knowledge state and predict their performance on new exercises based on performance history. Many realistic classroom settings for KT are typically low-resource in data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Yang Zhang , Xuechen Liu , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang

With the continuous deepening and development of the concept of smart education, learners' comprehensive development and individual needs have received increasing attention. However, traditional educational evaluation systems tend to assess…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Zhifeng Wang , Jiaqin Wan , Yang Yang , Chunyan Zeng , Jialiang Shen

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in computer-aided education and intelligent tutoring systems, predicting students' performance on new questions from their responses to prior ones. An accurate KT model can capture a student's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Jiajun Cui , Hong Qian , Chanjin Zheng , Lu Wang , Mo Yu , Wei Zhang

In Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), tracing the student's knowledge state during learning has been studied for several decades in order to provide more supportive learning instructions. In this paper, we propose a novel model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sein Minn , Yi Yu , Michel C. Desmarais , Feida Zhu , Jill Jenn Vie

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to model a student's learning state over time and predict their future performance. However, traditional KT methods often face challenges in explainability, scalability, and effective modeling of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Runze Li , Siyu Wu , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Knowledge tracing refers to a family of methods that estimate each student's knowledge component/skill mastery level from their past responses to questions. One key limitation of most existing knowledge tracing methods is that they can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Aritra Ghosh , Jay Raspat , Andrew Lan

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to predict students' responses to practices based on their historical question-answering behaviors. However, most current KT methods focus on improving overall AUC, leaving ample room for optimization in modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Moyu Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Chunhong Zhang , Feng Pan , Wenchen Qian , Hui Zhao

Knowledge components (KCs) mapped to problems help model student learning, tracking their mastery levels on fine-grained skills thereby facilitating personalized learning and feedback in online learning platforms. However, crafting and…

In this paper, we study knowledge tracing in the domain of programming education and make two important contributions. First, we harvest and publish so far the most comprehensive dataset, namely BePKT, which covers various online behaviors…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Renyu Zhu , Dongxiang Zhang , Chengcheng Han , Ming Gao , Xuesong Lu , Weining Qian , Aoying Zhou

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is concerned with predicting students' future performance on learning items in intelligent tutoring systems. Learning items are tagged with skill labels called knowledge concepts (KCs). Many KT models expand the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interactions with intelligent tutoring systems. Recently, many works present lots of special methods for applying deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Zitao Liu , Qiongqiong Liu , Jiahao Chen , Shuyan Huang , Weiqi Luo

Knowledge tracing (KT) defines the task of predicting whether students can correctly answer questions based on their historical response. Although much research has been devoted to exploiting the question information, plentiful advanced…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Yunfei Liu , Yang Yang , Xianyu Chen , Jian Shen , Haifeng Zhang , Yong Yu

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a research field that aims to estimate a student's knowledge state through learning interactions-a crucial component of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). Despite significant advancements, no current KT models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yongwan Cho , Rabia Emhamed AlMamlook , Tasnim Gharaibeh

Knowledge Tracing (KT) plays a central role in assessing students skill mastery and predicting their future performance. While deep learning based KT models achieve superior predictive accuracy compared to traditional methods, their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Sein Minn , Roger Nkambou

Knowledge tracing (KT) has recently been an active research area of computational pedagogy. The task is to model students' mastery level of knowledge concepts based on their responses to the questions in the past, as well as predict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Shanghui Yang , Mengxia Zhu , Xuesong Lu

Recently, large-scale pre-trained models have shown their advantages in many tasks. However, due to the huge computational complexity and storage requirements, it is challenging to apply the large-scale model to real scenes. A common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Deng Li , Aming Wu , Yahong Han , Qi Tian

Writing tests is a time-consuming yet essential task during software development. We propose to leverage recent advances in deep learning for text and code generation to assist developers in writing tests. We formalize the novel task of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Pengyu Nie , Rahul Banerjee , Junyi Jessy Li , Raymond J. Mooney , Milos Gligoric