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We provide a formal definition of depth-limited games together with an accessible and rigorous explanation of the underlying concepts, both of which were previously missing in imperfect-information games. The definition works for an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Vojtěch Kovařík , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý , Jan Rudolf , Shuo Sun , Karel Ha

We revisit the problem of solving two-player zero-sum games in the decentralized setting. We propose a simple algorithmic framework that simultaneously achieves the best rates for honest regret as well as adversarial regret, and in addition…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Ehsan Asadi Kangarshahi , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Mehmet Fatih Sahin , Volkan Cevher

In their seminal work, Nayyar et al. (2013) showed that imperfect information can be abstracted away from common-payoff games by having players publicly announce their policies as they play. This insight underpins sound solvers and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Samuel Sokota , Ryan D'Orazio , Chun Kai Ling , David J. Wu , J. Zico Kolter , Noam Brown

In this article we study the well-posedness of the Master Equation of Mean Field Games in a framework of Neumann boundary condition. The definition of solution is closely related to the classical one of the Mean Field Games system, but the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-05-19 Michele Ricciardi

We introduce a simple extensive-form algorithm for finding equilibria of two-player, zero-sum games. The algorithm is realization equivalent to a generalized form of Fictitious Play. We compare its performance to that of a similar…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tim P. Schulze

In this article, we generalize Unbounded Minimax, the state-of-the-art search algorithm for zero sums two-player games with perfect information to the framework of multiplayer games with perfect information. We experimentally show that this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Quentin Cohen-Solal

We consider a two-player zero-sum game with integral payoff and with incomplete information on one side, where the payoff is chosen among a continuous set of possible payoffs. We prove that the value function of this game is solution of an…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-23 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Catherine Rainer

In this work, we establish near-linear and strong convergence for a natural first-order iterative algorithm that simulates Von Neumann's Alternating Projections method in zero-sum games. First, we provide a precise analysis of Optimistic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-18 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

A new representation of Game Theory is developed in this paper. State of players is represented by a density matrix, and payoff function is a set of hermitian operators, which when applied onto the density matrix give the payoff of players.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

Stochastic games are an important class of problems that generalize Markov decision processes to game theoretic scenarios. We consider finite state two-player zero-sum stochastic games over an infinite time horizon with discounted rewards.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-06-17 Parikshit Shah , Pablo A. Parrilo

Optimization under uncertainty is a fundamental problem in learning and decision-making, particularly in multi-agent systems. Previously, Feldman, Kalai, and Tennenholtz [2010] demonstrated the ability to efficiently compete in repeated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Daniel Ablin , Alon Cohen

This paper has a twofold scope. The first one is to clarify and put in evidence the isomorphic character of two theories developed in quite different fields: on one side, threshold logic, on the other side, simple games. One of the main…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Josep Freixas , Marc Freixas , Sascha Kurz

We consider a sub-class of bi-matrix games which we refer to as two-person (hereafter referred to as two-player) additively-separable sum (TPASS) games, where the sum of the pay-offs of the two players is additively separable. The row…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Somdeb Lahiri

In this paper we introduce a new two-player zero-sum game whose value function approximates the level set formulation for the geometric evolution by mean curvature of a hypersurface. In our approach the game is played with symmetric rules…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Irene Gonzalvez , Alfredo Miranda , Julio D. Rossi , Jorge Ruiz-Cases

This paper introduces alignment games, a new class of zero-sum games modeling strategic interventions where effectiveness depends on alignment with an underlying hidden state. Motivated by operational problems in medical diagnostics,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Pedro Cesar Lopes Gerum , Thomas Lidbetter

We study zero-sum differential games with state constraints and one-sided information, where the informed player (Player 1) has a categorical payoff type unknown to the uninformed player (Player 2). The goal of Player 1 is to minimize his…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Mukesh Ghimire , Lei Zhang , Zhe Xu , Yi Ren

Much of recent success in multiagent reinforcement learning has been in two-player zero-sum games. In these games, algorithms such as fictitious self-play and minimax tree search can converge to an approximate Nash equilibrium. While…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Alexander Shmakov , John Lanier , Stephen McAleer , Rohan Achar , Cristina Lopes , Pierre Baldi

This paper considers two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. The study focuses on the challenging settings where the value function or the model is parameterized by general function classes. Provably…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Baihe Huang , Jason D. Lee , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

In this work, we consider the problem of a two-player zero-sum game. In the literature, the successive over-relaxation Q-learning algorithm has been developed and implemented, and it is seen to result in a lower contraction factor for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Saksham Gautam , Lakshmi Mandal , Shalabh Bhatnagar

We consider two-player games played over finite state spaces for an infinite number of rounds. At each state, the players simultaneously choose moves; the moves determine a successor state. It is often advantageous for players to choose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Luca de Alfaro , Rupak Majumdar , Vishwanath Raman , Mariëlle Stoelinga
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