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While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by leveraging external documents, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lingnan Xu , Chong Feng , Kaiyuan Zhang , Liu Zhengyong , Wenqiang Xu , Fanqing Meng

Dense passage retrieval (DPR) models show great effectiveness gains in first stage retrieval for the web domain. However in the web domain we are in a setting with large amounts of training data and a query-to-passage or a query-to-document…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Sophia Althammer , Sebastian Hofstätter , Mete Sertkan , Suzan Verberne , Allan Hanbury

Understanding complex multimodal documents remains challenging due to their structural inconsistencies and limited training data availability. We introduce \textit{DocsRay}, a training-free document understanding system that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Hyeon Seong Jeong , Sangwoo Jo , Byeong Hyun Yoon , Yoonseok Heo , Haedong Jeong , Taehoon Kim

There is a general belief that software must be able to easily do things that humans find difficult. Since finding sources for plagiarism in a text is not an easy task, there is a wide-spread expectation that it must be simple for software…

Deep research agents have emerged as powerful systems for addressing complex queries. Meanwhile, LLM-based retrievers have demonstrated strong capability in following instructions or reasoning. This raises a critical question: can LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Tiansheng Hu , Yilun Zhao , Canyu Zhang , Arman Cohan , Chen Zhao

Industrial projects rely heavily on lengthy, complex specification documents, making tedious manual extraction of structured information a major bottleneck. This paper introduces an innovative approach to automate this process, leveraging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Degaga Wolde Feyisa , Haylemicheal Berihun , Amanuel Zewdu , Mahsa Najimoghadam , Marzieh Zare

In academia, plagiarism is certainly not an emerging concern, but it became of a greater magnitude with the popularisation of the Internet and the ease of access to a worldwide source of content, rendering human-only intervention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Mehdi Abdelhamid , Faical Azouaou , Sofiane Batata

The first phase of table recognition is to detect the tabular area in a document. Subsequently, the tabular structures are recognized in the second phase in order to extract information from the respective cells. Table detection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Khurram Azeem Hashmi , Marcus Liwicki , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Adnan Afzal , Muhammad Ahtsham Afzal , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Since real-world ubiquitous documents (e.g., invoices, tickets, resumes and leaflets) contain rich information, automatic document image understanding has become a hot topic. Most existing works decouple the problem into two separate tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Peng Zhang , Yunlu Xu , Zhanzhan Cheng , Shiliang Pu , Jing Lu , Liang Qiao , Yi Niu , Fei Wu

Safety critical software assessment requires robust assessment against complex regulatory frameworks, a process traditionally limited by manual evaluation. This paper presents Document Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning (DRAFT), a novel…

Recent advancements in the area of Computer Vision with state-of-art Neural Networks has given a boost to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) accuracies. However, extracting characters/text alone is often insufficient for relevant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Vishwanath D , Rohit Rahul , Gunjan Sehgal , Swati , Arindam Chowdhury , Monika Sharma , Lovekesh Vig , Gautam Shroff , Ashwin Srinivasan

We aim to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework that answers questions over a corpus of visually-rich documents presented in mixed modalities (e.g., charts, tables) and diverse formats (e.g., PDF, PPTX). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ryota Tanaka , Taichi Iki , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito , Jun Suzuki

Decomposing images of document pages into high-level semantic regions (e.g., figures, tables, paragraphs), document object detection (DOD) is fundamental for downstream tasks like intelligent document editing and understanding. DOD remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Kai Li , Curtis Wigington , Chris Tensmeyer , Handong Zhao , Nikolaos Barmpalios , Vlad I. Morariu , Varun Manjunatha , Tong Sun , Yun Fu

For decades, corporations and governments have relied on scanned documents to record vast amounts of information. However, extracting this information is a slow and tedious process due to the sheer volume and complexity of these records.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Roman Colman , Minh Vu , Manish Bhattarai , Martin Ma , Hari Viswanathan , Daniel O'Malley , Javier E. Santos

Understanding telecom standards involves sorting through numerous technical documents, such as those produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. While large language models (LLMs)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rasoul Nikbakht , Mohamed Benzaghta , Giovanni Geraci

Procedures are an important knowledge component of documents that can be leveraged by cognitive assistants for automation, question-answering or driving a conversation. It is a challenging problem to parse big dense documents like product…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Shivali Agarwal , Shubham Atreja , Vikas Agarwal

We present the first large-scale, cross-domain evaluation of document chunking strategies for dense retrieval, addressing a critical but underexplored aspect of retrieval-augmented systems. In our study, 36 segmentation methods spanning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muhammad Arslan Shaukat , Muntasir Adnan , Carlos C. N. Kuhn

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

Document visual question answering (DocVQA) pipelines that answer questions from documents have broad applications. Existing methods focus on handling single-page documents with multi-modal language models (MLMs), or rely on text-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jaemin Cho , Debanjan Mahata , Ozan Irsoy , Yujie He , Mohit Bansal

This paper is a deep investigation of cross-language plagiarism detection methods on a new recently introduced open dataset, which contains parallel and comparable collections of documents with multiple characteristics (different genres,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Jeremy Ferrero , Laurent Besacier , Didier Schwab , Frederic Agnes