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This letter presents an almost sure convergence of the zeroth-order mirror descent algorithm. The algorithm admits non-smooth convex functions and a biased oracle which only provides noisy function value at any desired point. We approximate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Anik Kumar Paul , Arun D Mahindrakar , Rachel K Kalaimani

The mean field games (MFG) theory has broad application in mathematical modeling of social phenomena. The Mean Field Games System (MFGS) is the key to the MFG theory. This is a system of two nonlinear parabolic partial differential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Michael V. Klibanov , Jingzhi Li , Hongyu Liu

Motivated by Generative Adversarial Networks, we study the computation of Nash equilibrium in concave network zero-sum games (NZSGs), a multiplayer generalization of two-player zero-sum games first proposed with linear payoffs. Extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Amit Kadan , Hu Fu

In this paper, we use mean field games (MFGs) to investigate approximations of $N$-player games with uniformly symmetrically continuous heterogeneous closed-loop actions. To incorporate agents' risk aversion (beyond the classical expected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Ziteng Cheng , Sebastian Jaimungal

We study the intermediate asymptotic behavior of solutions to the first-order mean field games system with a local coupling, when the initial density is a compactly supported function on the real line, and the coupling is of power type.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-04 Sebastian Munoz

In this paper, we provide a generalization of the forward-backward splitting algorithm for minimizing the sum of a proper convex lower semicontinuous function and a differentiable convex function whose gradient satisfies a locally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Luis M. Briceno-Arias , Francisco José Silva , Xianjin Yang

In this paper, we extend mean-field Langevin dynamics to minimax optimization over probability distributions for the first time with symmetric and provably convergent updates. We propose mean-field Langevin averaged gradient (MFL-AG), a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Juno Kim , Kakei Yamamoto , Kazusato Oko , Zhuoran Yang , Taiji Suzuki

We study the long time behavior of an underdamped mean-field Langevin (MFL) equation, and provide a general convergence as well as an exponential convergence rate result under different conditions. The results on the MFL equation can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren , Xiaolu Tan , Junjian Yang

Many tasks in modern machine learning can be formulated as finding equilibria in \emph{sequential} games. In particular, two-player zero-sum sequential games, also known as minimax optimization, have received growing interest. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Yuanhao Wang , Guodong Zhang , Jimmy Ba

Wide applications of differentiable two-player sequential games (e.g., image generation by GANs) have raised much interest and attention of researchers to study efficient and fast algorithms. Most of the existing algorithms are developed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Yihang Gao , Huafeng Liu , Michael K. Ng , Mingjie Zhou

This paper studies the mean field game (MFG) problem arising from a large population competition in fund management, featuring a new type of relative performance via the benchmark tracking. In the $n$-player model, each agent aims to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Lijun Bo , Yijie Huang , Xiang Yu

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) usually struggle in learning from highly diverse data, whose underlying manifold is complex. In this work, we revisit the mathematical foundations of GANs, and theoretically reveal that the native…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mengfei Xia , Yujun Shen , Ceyuan Yang , Ran Yi , Wenping Wang , Yong-Jin Liu

Reverse Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence-based regularization with respect to a fixed reference policy is widely used in modern reinforcement learning to preserve the desired traits of the reference policy and sometimes to promote…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Anupam Nayak , Tong Yang , Osman Yagan , Gauri Joshi , Yuejie Chi

In this paper we study iterative procedures for stationary equilibria in games with large number of players. Most of learning algorithms for games with continuous action spaces are limited to strict contraction best reply maps in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-18 Hamidou Tembine , Raul Tempone , Pedro Vilanova

SGD with Momentum (SGDM) is a widely used family of algorithms for large-scale optimization of machine learning problems. Yet, when optimizing generic convex functions, no advantage is known for any SGDM algorithm over plain SGD. Moreover,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Xiaoyu Li , Mingrui Liu , Francesco Orabona

In this study, we consider a variant of the Follow the Regularized Leader (FTRL) dynamics in two-player zero-sum games. FTRL is guaranteed to converge to a Nash equilibrium when time-averaging the strategies, while a lot of variants suffer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Kenshi Abe , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Atsushi Iwasaki

It is well known that mirror descent may diverge or cycle on merely monotone variational inequalities. In this paper, we propose \emph{Target Mirror Descent} (TMD), a unified framework that stabilizes monotone flows via a target point…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Yu-Wen Chen , Can Kizilkale , Murat Arcak

We present a method enabling a large number of agents to learn how to flock, which is a natural behavior observed in large populations of animals. This problem has drawn a lot of interest but requires many structural assumptions and is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sarah Perrin , Mathieu Laurière , Julien Pérolat , Matthieu Geist , Romuald Élie , Olivier Pietquin

Adversarial training, a special case of multi-objective optimization, is an increasingly prevalent machine learning technique: some of its most notable applications include GAN-based generative modeling and self-play techniques in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-17 Gauthier Gidel , David Balduzzi , Wojciech Marian Czarnecki , Marta Garnelo , Yoram Bachrach

This paper considers discounted infinite horizon mean field games by extending the probabilistic weak formulation of the game as introduced by Carmona and Lacker (2015). Under similar assumptions as in the finite horizon game, we prove…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-08 René Carmona , Ludovic Tangpi , Kaiwen Zhang