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In financial time series forecasting, the naive forecast is a notoriously difficult benchmark to surpass because of the stochastic nature of the data. Motivated by this challenge, this study introduces the movement prediction-adjusted naive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Cheng Zhang

Forecasting the evolution of complex systems is one of the grand challenges of modern data science. The fundamental difficulty lies in understanding the structure of the observed stochastic process. In this paper, we show that every…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Xiucai Ding , Zhou Zhou

Multivariate time series forecasting is a pivotal task in several domains, including financial planning, medical diagnostics, and climate science. This paper presents the Neural Fourier Transform (NFT) algorithm, which combines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Noam Koren , Kira Radinsky

This paper introduces a new algorithm to improve the accuracy of numerical phase-averaging in oscillatory, multiscale, differential equations. Phase-averaging is a timestepping method which averages a mapped variable to remove highly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-07 Timothy C. Andrews , Beth A. Wingate

The paper develops a Transformer architecture for estimating dynamic factors from multivariate time series data under flexible identification assumptions. Performance on small datasets is improved substantially by using a conventional…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Oliver Snellman

Instance normalization (IN) is widely used in non-stationary multivariate time series forecasting to reduce distribution shifts and highlight common patterns across samples. However, IN can over-smooth instance-specific structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hao Li , Lu Zhang , Liu Chong , Yankai Chen , Pengyang Wang , Yingjie Zhou

Climate change stands as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century, with far-reaching consequences such as rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and increasingly extreme weather patterns. Accurate forecasting is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Tajamul Ashraf , Janibul Bashir

Time series forecasting is a long-standing problem in statistics and machine learning. One of the key challenges is processing sequences with long-range dependencies. To that end, a recent line of work applied the short-time Fourier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Eyal Yakir , Dor Tsur , Haim Permuter

Neural network (NN) ensembles can reduce large prediction variance of NN and improve prediction accuracy. For highly nonlinear problems with insufficient data set, the prediction accuracy of NN models becomes unstable, resulting in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Ungki Lee , Namwoo Kang

We propose the Fourier Adaptive Lite Diffusion Architecture (FALDA), a novel probabilistic framework for time series forecasting. First, we introduce the Diffusion Model for Residual Regression (DMRR) framework, which unifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xinyan Wang , Rui Dai , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu

Time-frequency (TF) representations of time series are intrinsically subject to the boundary effects. As a result, the structures of signals that are highlighted by the representations are garbled when approaching the boundaries of the TF…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-24 Adrien Meynard , Hau-Tieng Wu

Time series forecasting is essential for many practical applications, with the adoption of transformer-based models on the rise due to their impressive performance in NLP and CV. Transformers' key feature, the attention mechanism,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 PeiSong Niu , Tian Zhou , Xue Wang , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

Forecasting multivariate time series data, such as prediction of electricity consumption, solar power production, and polyphonic piano pieces, has numerous valuable applications. However, complex and non-linear interdependencies between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Shun-Yao Shih , Fan-Keng Sun , Hung-yi Lee

Stationarity transformations are standard preprocessing in time series forecasting, yet their actual impact on accuracy across different non-stationarity types and model families has received little controlled evaluation. We construct…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Bhanu Suraj Malla , Yuqing Hu

Detrend fluctuation analysis (DFA) has become a choice method for effective analysis of a broad variety of nonstationary signals. We show in the present article that, provided the nonstationary fluctuations occur at a large enough time…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Luciano da Fontoura Costa , Ruth Caldeira de Melo , Ester da Silva , Audrey Borghi-Silva , Aparecida Maria Catai

This paper presents \textbf{FreEformer}, a simple yet effective model that leverages a \textbf{Fre}quency \textbf{E}nhanced Trans\textbf{former} for multivariate time series forecasting. Our work is based on the assumption that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Wenzhen Yue , Yong Liu , Xianghua Ying , Bowei Xing , Ruohao Guo , Ji Shi

Forecasting anomalies (anomaly prediction) in multivariate time series from different real-world, dynamic, and complex systems is vital for preempting critical failures, leading to a substantial minimization in operational costs and human…

Accurate volatility forecasts are vital in modern finance for risk management, portfolio allocation, and strategic decision-making. However, existing methods face key limitations. Fully multivariate models, while comprehensive, are…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-09 Duo Zhang , Jiayu Li , Junyi Mo , Elynn Chen

Multivariate long-term time series forecasting has been suffering from the challenge of capturing both temporal dependencies within variables and spatial correlations across variables simultaneously. Current approaches predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Chenheng Xu , Dan Wu , Yixin Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Time series foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a popular paradigm for zero-shot multi-domain forecasting. These models are trained on numerous diverse datasets and claim to be effective forecasters across multiple different time series…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-19 Anubha Goel , Puneet Pasricha , Martin Magris , Juho Kanniainen