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Related papers: Cutoff for the Biased Random Transposition Shuffle

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In this paper we study the mixing time of a biased transpositions shuffle on a set of $N$ cards with $N/2$ cards of two types. For a parameter $0<a \le 1$, one type of card is chosen to transpose with a bias of $\frac{a}{N}$ and the other…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Megan Bernstein , Nayantara Bhatnagar , Igor Pak

We introduce a new type of card shuffle called one-sided transpositions. At each step a card is chosen uniformly from the pack and then transposed with another card chosen uniformly from below it. This defines a random walk on the symmetric…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Michael E. Bate , Stephen B. Connor , Oliver Matheau-Raven

In this thesis we introduce a new type of card shuffle called the one-sided transposition shuffle. At each step a card is chosen uniformly from the pack and then transposed with another card chosen uniformly from below it. This defines a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Oliver Matheau-Raven

The random transposition shuffle on repeated cards induces a Markov chain on the quotient space of arrangements with multiplicities, and is equivalent to the many-urn mean-field Bernoulli-Laplace model introduced by Scarabotti. Writing…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Jiahe Shen

In this paper, we use the eigenvalues of the random to random card shuffle to prove a sharp upper bound for the total variation mixing time. Combined with the lower bound due to Subag, we prove that this walk exhibits cutoff at $\frac{3}{4}…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-13 Megan Bernstein , Evita Nestoridi

We present an overview of the representation theoretic techniques used to study the mixing times of random walks on finite groups. We focus on the card shuffle studied by Diaconis and Shahshahani in the 1980s and a recent improvement on…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Ahmed Farah

We consider a family of card shuffles of $n$ cards in which the allowed moves involve transpositions corresponding to the Jucys--Murphy elements of the symmetric group $\{S_m\}_{m \leq n}$. We determine the eigenvalues of the corresponding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Samira Arfaee , Evita Nestoridi

We investigate the $k$-cycle shuffle on repeated cards, namely on a deck consisting of $l$ identical copies of each of $m$ card types, with total size $n=ml$. We establish asymptotic results for the total variation mixing of this shuffle,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Jiahe Shen

This paper explores the mixing time of the random transposition walk on permutations with one-sided interval restrictions. In particular, we're interested in the notion of cutoff, a phenomenon which occurs when mixing occurs in a window of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-23 Olena Blumberg

We introduce and analyze the $S_k$ shuffle on $N$ cards, a natural generalization of the celebrated random adjacent transposition shuffle. In the $S_k$ shuffle, we choose uniformly at random a block of $k$ consecutive cards, and shuffle…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Evita Nestoridi , Amanda Priestley , Dominik Schmid

We consider a random walk on the hyperoctahedral group $B_n$ generated by the signed permutations of the forms $(i,n)$ and $(-i,n)$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. We call this the flip-transpose top with random shuffle on $B_n$. We find the spectrum…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Subhajit Ghosh

We analyze the mixing time of a popular shuffling machine known as the shelf shuffler. It is a modified version of a $2m$-handed riffle shuffle ($m=10$ in casinos) in which a deck of $n$ cards is split multinomially into $2m$ piles, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Andrea Ottolini , Ray Chen

We study the cyclic adjacent transposition (CAT) shuffle of $n$ cards, which is a systematic scan version of the random adjacent transposition (AT) card shuffle. In this paper, we prove that the CAT shuffle exhibits cutoff at $\frac{n^3}{2…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Danny Nam , Evita Nestoridi

In the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds shuffle, a deck of $N$ cards is cut into two approximately equal parts which are then riffled uniformly at random. Bayer and Diaconis famously showed that this Markov chain undergoes cutoff in total variation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Mark Sellke

We show that for any semi-random transposition shuffle on $n$ cards, the mixing time of any given $k$ cards is at most $n\log k$, provided $k=o((n/\log n)^{1/2})$. In the case of the top-to-random transposition shuffle we show that there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Richard Pymar

Consider shuffling a deck of $n$ cards, labeled $1$ through $n$, as follows: at each time step, pick one card uniformly with your right hand and another card, independently and uniformly with your left hand; then swap the cards. How long…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Vishesh Jain , Mehtaab Sawhney

In this paper, we investigate the mixing time of the adjacent transposition shuffle for a deck of $N$ cards. We prove that around time $N^2\log N/(2\pi^2)$, the total variation distance to equilibrium of the deck distribution drops abruptly…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-31 Hubert Lacoin

We study the cutoff phenomenon for generalized riffle shuffles where, at each step, the deck of cards is cut into a random number of packs of multinomial sizes which are then riffled together.

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Guan-Yu Chen , Laurent Saloff-Coste

In this paper, we investigate the properties of a random walk on the alternating group $A_n$ generated by $3$-cycles of the form $(i,n-1,n)$ and $(i,n,n-1)$. We call this the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle. We find the spectrum of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Subhajit Ghosh

A Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds (GSR) shuffle is performed on a deck of $N$ cards by cutting the top $n\sim Bin(N,1/2)$ cards and interleaving the two resulting piles uniformly at random. The celebrated "Seven shuffles suffice" theorem of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Mark Sellke , Jialu Shi , Jiamin Wang
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