English

Hitting time mixing for the random transposition walk

Probability 2024-11-01 v1

Abstract

Consider shuffling a deck of nn cards, labeled 11 through nn, as follows: at each time step, pick one card uniformly with your right hand and another card, independently and uniformly with your left hand; then swap the cards. How long does it take until the deck is close to random? Diaconis and Shahshahani showed that this process undergoes cutoff in total variation distance at time t=nlogn/2t = \lfloor n\log{n}/2 \rfloor. Confirming a conjecture of N.~Berestycki, we prove the definitive ``hitting time'' version of this result: let τ\tau denote the first time at which all cards have been touched. The total variation distance between the stopped distribution at τ\tau and the uniform distribution on permutations is on(1)o_n(1); this is best possible, since at time τ1\tau-1, the total variation distance is at least (1+on(1))e1(1+o_n(1))e^{-1}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.23944,
  title  = {Hitting time mixing for the random transposition walk},
  author = {Vishesh Jain and Mehtaab Sawhney},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.23944},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

15 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:42:54.902Z