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Cutoff in total variation for the shelf shuffle

Probability 2024-10-24 v1

Abstract

We analyze the mixing time of a popular shuffling machine known as the shelf shuffler. It is a modified version of a 2m2m-handed riffle shuffle (m=10m=10 in casinos) in which a deck of nn cards is split multinomially into 2m2m piles, the even-numbered piles are reversed, and then cards are dropped from piles proportionally to their sizes. We prove that 54log2mn\frac{5}{4} \log_{2m} n shuffles are necessary and sufficient to mix in total variation, and a cutoff occurs with constant window size. We also determine the cutoff profile in terms of the total variation distance between two shifted normal random variables.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2410.17345,
  title  = {Cutoff in total variation for the shelf shuffle},
  author = {Andrea Ottolini and Ray Chen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.17345},
  year   = {2024}
}

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R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:32:04.898Z