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To meet the demands of content moderation, online platforms have resorted to automated systems. Newer forms of real-time engagement($\textit{e.g.}$, users commenting on live streams) on platforms like Twitch exert additional pressures on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Prarabdh Shukla , Wei Yin Chong , Yash Patel , Brennan Schaffner , Danish Pruthi , Arjun Bhagoji

Generative AI is frequently portrayed as revolutionary or even apocalyptic, prompting calls for novel regulatory approaches. This essay argues that such views are misguided. Instead, generative AI should be understood as an evolutionary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gilad Abiri

Sensitive attributes are legally protected characteristics that should not be used to discriminate. Careful steps have been taken to minimize the risk of human bias regarding these fields, such as race and age. Large language models (LLMs)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anay Agarwalla , Simeon Sayer

Content moderation is the process of screening and monitoring user-generated content online. It plays a crucial role in stopping content resulting from unacceptable behaviors such as hate speech, harassment, violence against specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Álvaro Huertas-García , Alejandro Martín , Javier Huertas Tato , David Camacho

Despite the valuable social interactions that online media promote, these systems provide space for speech that would be potentially detrimental to different groups of people. The moderation of content imposed by many social media has…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Lucas Henrique Costa de Lima , Julio Reis , Philipe Melo , Fabricio Murai , Fabricio Benevenuto

The significant advancements in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare decision-making, medical diagnosis, and other domains have simultaneously raised concerns about the fairness and bias of AI systems. This is particularly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Emilio Ferrara

AI-generated counterspeech offers a promising and scalable strategy to curb online toxicity through direct replies that promote civil discourse. However, current counterspeech is one-size-fits-all, lacking adaptation to the moderation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lorenzo Cima , Alessio Miaschi , Amaury Trujillo , Marco Avvenuti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Stefano Cresci

Content moderation is the process of flagging content based on pre-defined platform rules. There has been a growing need for AI moderators to safeguard users as well as protect the mental health of human moderators from traumatic content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Meng Ye , Karan Sikka , Katherine Atwell , Sabit Hassan , Ajay Divakaran , Malihe Alikhani

Generative AI does not only replicate human creativity but also reproduces deep-seated cultural biases, making it crucial to critically examine how concepts like ugliness are understood and expressed by these tools. This study investigates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Garyoung Kim , Huisung Kwon , Seoju Yun , Yu-Won Youn

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) is reshaping content creation on digital platforms by reducing production costs and enabling scalable output of varying quality. In response, platforms have begun adopting disclosure policies that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Juan Wu , Zhe , Zhang , Amit Mehra

Fringe groups and organizations have a long history of using euphemisms--ordinary-sounding words with a secret meaning--to conceal what they are discussing. Nowadays, one common use of euphemisms is to evade content moderation policies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Wanzheng Zhu , Hongyu Gong , Rohan Bansal , Zachary Weinberg , Nicolas Christin , Giulia Fanti , Suma Bhat

The growing accessibility of Large Language Models via conversational interfaces capable of responding to users' questions by drawing on, synthesizing, and citing information from the web (i.e., Generative Search Engines) has simplified the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mowafak Allaham , Nicholas Diakopoulos

New systems employ Machine Learning to sift through large knowledge sources, creating flexible Large Language Models. These models discern context and predict sequential information in various communication forms. Generative AI, leveraging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Ted Selker

Generative AI, such as large language models, has undergone rapid development within recent years. As these models become increasingly available to the public, concerns arise about perpetuating and amplifying harmful biases in applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Sara Sterlie , Nina Weng , Aasa Feragen

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Han Wang , Ming Shan Hee , Md Rabiul Awal , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

AI systems crucially rely on human ratings, but these ratings are often aggregated, obscuring the inherent diversity of perspectives in real-world phenomenon. This is particularly concerning when evaluating the safety of generative AI,…

Online platforms face the challenge of moderating an ever-increasing volume of content, including harmful hate speech. In the absence of clear legal definitions and a lack of transparency regarding the role of algorithms in shaping…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-21 David Hartmann , Amin Oueslati , Dimitri Staufer

There are obvious benefits to integrating generative AI (artificial intelligence) into language learning and teaching. Those include using AI as a language tutor, creating learning materials, or assessing learner output. However, due to how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Robert Godwin-Jones`

Moderating user-generated content on online platforms is crucial for balancing user safety and freedom of speech. Particularly in the United States, platforms are not subject to legal constraints prescribing permissible content. Each…

Counterspeech is a targeted response to counteract and challenge abusive or hateful content. It effectively curbs the spread of hatred and fosters constructive online communication. Previous studies have proposed different strategies for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xiaoying Song , Sujana Mamidisetty , Eduardo Blanco , Lingzi Hong