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This paper proposes a node flux-linkage synchronizing control method (NFSCM) for power systems with 100% wind power generation based on a capacitor voltage balancing scheme (CVBS). Different from the conventional grid-forming controllers,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-31 Yang Liu , Yanshan Chen , Yuexi Yang , Xiangyu Pei , Feng Ji

With increased attention on grid-forming inverters as a power system stabilizing device during periods of high shares of inverter-based resource operations, there is a present need for a transparent and rigorous investigation of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Rick Wallace Kenyon , Amirhossein Sajadi , Matt Bossart , Andy Hoke , Bri-Mathias Hodge

As the proportion of converter-interfaced renewable energy resources in the power system is increasing, the strength of the power grid at the connection point of wind turbine generators (WTGs) is gradually weakening. Existing research has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh , Sujay Ghosh , Guangya Yang , Łukasz Kocewiak

Microgrids are increasingly recognized as a key technology for the integration of distributed energy resources into the power network, allowing local clusters of load and distributed energy resources to operate autonomously. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Jeremy Watson , Yemi Ojo , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

In this paper, we propose a combined Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) and dynamic estimation approach for a real-time power grid operation under time-varying conditions. A dynamic estimation uses grid measurements to generate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Miguel Picallo , Dominic Liao-McPherson , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

Grid-following and grid-forming inverters are integral components of microgrids and for integration of renewable energy sources with the grid. For grid following inverters, which need to emulate controllable current sources, a significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V Salapaka

This paper presents a novel approach to stability analysis for grid-connected converters utilizing Scaled Relative Graphs (SRG). Our method effectively decouples grid and converter dynamics, thereby establishing a comprehensive and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Eder Baron-Prada , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

This paper addresses the problem of output voltage regulation for multiple DC/DC converters connected to a microgrid, and prescribes a scheme for sharing power among different sources. This architecture is structured in such a way that it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Mayank Baranwal , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

To ensure frequency stability in future low-inertia power grids, fast ancillary services such as fast frequency reserves (FFR) have been proposed. In this work, the coordination of conventional (slow) frequency containment reserves (FCR)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-08 Joakim Björk , Karl Henrik Johansson , Florian Dörfler

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

The Grid-Forming Inverter (GFMI) is an emerging topic that is attracting significant attention from both academic and industrial communities, particularly in the area of control design. The Decoupled Average Model-based Sliding Mode Current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Quang-Manh Hoang , Guilherme Vieira Hollweg , Akhtar Hussain , Sina Zarrabian , Wencong Su , Van-Hai Bui

Hybrid AC/DC transmission grids incorporate Modular Multilevel Converters functioning as Interconnecting Power Converters (IPCs). The control role assigned to each converter significantly influences grid dynamics. Traditionally, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-10 Francesca Rossi , Sergi Costa Dilme , Josep Arevalo-Soler , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

A widely embraced approach to mitigate the dynamic degradation in low-inertia power systems is to mimic generation response using grid-connected inverters to restore the grid's stiffness. In this paper, we seek to challenge this approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-30 Yan Jiang , Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

Unified virtual oscillator controller (uVOC) inherits the rigorous analytical foundation offered by oscillator based grid-forming (GFM) controllers and enables fast over-current limiting and fault ride-through (FRT). Control design for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 M A Awal , Iqbal Husain

This paper compares the impact of different conventional and emerging technologies and control strategies on frequency quality. We study, in particular, the long-term dynamic performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Taulant Kerci , Federico Milano

Large-scale integration of inverter-based resources into power grids worldwide is challenging their stability and security. This paper takes a closer look at synchronous condensers as a solution to mitigate stability challenges caused by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Amir Sajadi , Barry Mather , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Prolonged blackouts in distribution systems (DSs) with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) necessitate novel restoration strategies to rapidly restore loads. However, the resulting complex optimization problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Cong Bai , Salish Maharjan , Yunyi Li , Wenlong Shi , Zhaoyu Wang

We present a novel grid-forming control design approach for dynamic virtual power plants (DVPP). We consider a group of heterogeneous grid-forming distributed energy resources (DER) which collectively provide desired dynamic ancillary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Verena Häberle , Ali Tayyebi , Xiuqiang He , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events has posed significant risks to the operation of power grids. During long-duration extreme weather events, microgrid formation (MF) is an essential solution to enhance the resilience of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-03 Ziang Liu , Sheng Cai , Qiuwei Wu , Xinwei Shen , Xuan Zhang , Nikos Hatziargyriou

Recent work has proposed a universal framework that integrates the well-established power synchronization control into vector current control. Using this controller for the parallel operation of grid-forming converters, and/or with loads…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Orcun Karaca , Irina Subotic , Lennart Harnefors , Ioannis Tsoumas