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We introduce a novel metric to quantify the fragility of chess positions using the interaction graph of pieces. This fragility score $F$ captures the tension within a position and serves as a strong indicator of tipping points in a game. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-28 Marc Barthelemy

We propose a player rating mechanism for Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS ), a popular e-sport, by analyzing players' Plus/Minus values. The Plus/Minus value represents the average point difference between a player's team and the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-10 Hongyu Xu , Sarat Moka

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), the Elo rating system, originally designed for ranking players in dynamic games such as chess, is increasingly being used to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) through "A vs B" paired comparisons.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Sara Hooker , Marzieh Fadaee

The advent of machine learning models that surpass human decision-making ability in complex domains has initiated a movement towards building AI systems that interact with humans. Many building blocks are essential for this activity, with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Reid McIlroy-Young , Russell Wang , Siddhartha Sen , Jon Kleinberg , Ashton Anderson

We investigate the look-ahead capabilities of chess-playing neural networks, specifically focusing on the Leela Chess Zero policy network. We build on the work of Jenner et al. (2024) by analyzing the model's ability to consider future…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Diogo Cruz

Suppose some cleverness score parameter is sufficiently interesting to be defined and then measured, perhaps for different strata of specialists or for the broader population. Such phenomena could have Gaussian distributions, when it comes…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-05-19 Nils Lid Hjort

Matchmaking systems are vital for creating fair matches in online multiplayer games, which directly affects players' satisfactions and game experience. Most of the matchmaking systems largely rely on precise estimation of players' game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Chaoyun Zhang , Kai Wang , Hao Chen , Ge Fan , Yingjie Li , Lifang Wu , Bingchao Zheng

We present a strategic analysis of a trust model that has recently been proposed for promoting cooperative behaviour in user-centric networks. The mechanism for cooperation is based on a combination of reputation and virtual currency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Marta Kwiatkowska , David Parker , Aistis Simaitis

Chess championships are often organised as a Swiss-system tournament, causing great challenges in ranking the participants due to the different strength of schedules and possible circular triads. The paper suggests that pairwise comparison…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-03 Lászlo Csató

Modern chess engines achieve superhuman performance through deep tree search and regressive evaluation, while human players rely on intuition to select candidate moves followed by a shallow search to validate them. To model this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Andrew Hamara , Greg Hamerly , Pablo Rivas , Andrew C. Freeman

Representing a board game and its positions by text-based notation enables the possibility of NLP applications. Language models, can help gain insight into a variety of interesting problems such as unsupervised learning rules of a game,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Michael DeLeo , Erhan Guven

The Elo rating system is widely adopted to evaluate the skills of (chess) game and sports players. Recently it has been also integrated into machine learning algorithms in evaluating the performance of computerised AI agents. However, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Xue Yan , Yali Du , Binxin Ru , Jun Wang , Haifeng Zhang , Xu Chen

An important challenge in non-cooperative game theory is coordinating on a single (approximate) equilibrium from many possibilities - a challenge that becomes even more complex when players hold private information. Recommender mechanisms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Bengisu Guresti , Chongjie Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

This study proposes a deep learning model based on the combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) for discriminant analysis of financial systemic risk. The model first uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yu Cheng , Zhen Xu , Yuan Chen , Yuhan Wang , Zhenghao Lin , Jinsong Liu

A stochastic model checker is presented for analysing the performance of game-theoretic learning algorithms. The method enables the comparison of short-term behaviour of learning algorithms intended for practical use. The procedure of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Hongyang Qu , Michalis Smyrnakis , Sandor M. Veres

This paper presents a new approach for predicting team performance from the behavioral traces of a set of agents. This spatiotemporal forecasting problem is very relevant to sports analytics challenges such as coaching and opponent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Shengnan Hu , Gita Sukthankar

In machine learning tasks, especially in the tasks of prediction, scientists tend to rely solely on available historical data and disregard unproven insights, such as experts' opinions, polls, and betting odds. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Jafar Habibi , Amir Fazelinia , Issa Annamoradnejad

Recent methods based on 3D skeleton data have achieved outstanding performance due to its conciseness, robustness, and view-independent representation. With the development of deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Chuankun Li , Pichao Wang , Shuang Wang , Yonghong Hou , Wanqing Li

This paper investigates the Tennis Momentum Model (TMM), which aims to enhance the understanding of match dynamics by integrating key factors such as efficiency, historical scoring probabilities, and real-time scoring data. The model is…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-30 Jackson Graves , Daniel X. Guo , Ridge Shepherd , Alexander Young

The game of chess is well-known and widely played all over the world. However, the rules for playing it are rather complex since there are different types of pieces and the ways they are allowed to move depend upon the type of the piece. In…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Morten Haahr Kristensen , Peter Gorm Larsen