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Despite the growing scale of medical Vision-Language datasets, the impact of dataset quality on model performance remains under-explored. We introduce Open-PMC, a high-quality medical dataset from PubMed Central, containing 2.2 million…

Clinicians prescribe antibiotics by looking at the patient's health record with an experienced eye. However, the therapy might be rendered futile if the patient has drug resistance. Determining drug resistance requires time-consuming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Honglin Shu , Pei Gao , Lingwei Zhu , Zheng Chen

In clinical practice, decision-making relies heavily on established protocols, often formalised as rules. Concurrently, Machine Learning (ML) models, trained on clinical data, aspire to integrate into medical decision-making processes.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Christel Sirocchi , Muhammad Suffian , Federico Sabbatini , Alessandro Bogliolo , Sara Montagna

miRNA mRNA relations are closely linked to several biological processes and disease mechanisms In a recent study we tested the performance of large language models LLMs on extracting miRNA mRNA relations from PubMed PubMedBERT achieved the…

Patient-clinician communication is an asymmetric-information problem: patients often do not disclose fears, misconceptions, or practical barriers unless clinicians elicit them skillfully. Effective medical dialogue therefore requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yikun Han , Joey Chan , Jingyuan Chen , Mengting Ai , Simo Du , Yue Guo

Type 2 diabetes patients in China face many significant challenges in patient-provider communication and self management In light of this, this work designed,implemented,and evaluated an AI-driven, personalized, multi-functional mobile app…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yibo Meng , Zhiming Liu , Xiaochen Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in interacting with human. However, recent studies have revealed that these models often suffer from hallucinations, leading to overly confident but incorrect judgments. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yusheng Liao , Yutong Meng , Hongcheng Liu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Inpatient medication recommendation requires clinicians to repeatedly select specific medications, doses, and routes as a patient's condition evolves. Existing benchmarks formulate this task as admission-level prediction over coarse drug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Shuhao Chen , Weisen Jiang , Changmiao Wang , Xiaoqing Wu , Xuanren Shi , Yu Zhang , James T. Kwok

Individualized treatment decisions can improve health outcomes, but using data to make these decisions in a reliable, precise, and generalizable way is challenging with a single dataset. Leveraging multiple randomized controlled trials…

In this paper, we introduce BiMediX, the first bilingual medical mixture of experts LLM designed for seamless interaction in both English and Arabic. Our model facilitates a wide range of medical interactions in English and Arabic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Sara Pieri , Sahal Shaji Mullappilly , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Timothy Baldwin , Hisham Cholakkal

Current pharmaceutical formulation development still strongly relies on the traditional trial-and-error approach by individual experiences of pharmaceutical scientists, which is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Recently, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Yilong Yang , Zhuyifan Ye , Yan Su , Qianqian Zhao , Xiaoshan Li , Defang Ouyang

Although Raman spectroscopy is widely used for the investigation of biomedical samples and has a high potential for use in clinical applications, it is not common in clinical routines. One of the factors that obstruct the integration of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-01-20 Darina Storozhuk , Oleg Ryabchykov , Juergen Popp , Thomas Bocklitz

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers are reporting findings of randomized trials comparing standard care with care augmented by experimental drugs. The trials have small sample sizes, so estimates of treatment effects are…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-02 Charles F. Manski , Aleksey Tetenov

Clinicians usually combine information from multiple sources to achieve the most accurate diagnosis, and this has sparked increasing interest in leveraging multimodal deep learning for diagnosis. However, in real clinical scenarios, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kai Han , Chongwen Lyu , Lele Ma , Chengxuan Qian , Siqi Ma , Zheng Pang , Jun Chen , Zhe Liu

Medical image segmentation is a cornerstone of computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment planning. While recent multimodal vision-language models have shown promise in enhancing semantic understanding through textual descriptions, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Saivan Talaei , Fatemeh Daneshfar , Abdulhady Abas Abdullah , Mustaqeem Khan

This research paper outlines the development and implementation of a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that integrates AI predictive modeling with medical knowledge bases. It utilizes the quantifiable information elements in lab…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Muhammad Hammad Maqsood , Mubashir Sajid , Khubaib Ahmed , Muhammad Usamah Shahid , Muddassar Farooq

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based system that would automatically prescribe a hypothetical patient medication that may help the patient with their mental health-related speech disfluency, and adjust the medication and the…

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs. A core obstacle to the creation of better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 José Pombal , Maya D'Eon , Nuno M. Guerreiro , Pedro Henrique Martins , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei

Agentic AI systems are increasingly capable of autonomous data science workflows, yet clinical prediction tasks demand domain expertise that purely automated approaches struggle to provide. We investigate how human guidance of agentic AI…