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The main principle of stacked generalization (or Stacking) is using a second-level generalizer to combine the outputs of base classifiers in an ensemble. In this paper, we investigate different combination types under the stacking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-06-10 Mehmet Umut Sen , Hakan Erdogan

In order to tackle the difficulty associated with the ill-posed nature of the image registration problem, regularization is often used to constrain the solution space. For most learning-based registration approaches, the regularization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Zhe Xu , Jie Luo , Donghuan Lu , Jiangpeng Yan , Sarah Frisken , Jayender Jagadeesan , William Wells , Xiu Li , Yefeng Zheng , Raymond Tong

Sample weighting is widely used in deep learning. A large number of weighting methods essentially utilize the learning difficulty of training samples to calculate their weights. In this study, this scheme is called difficulty-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Xiaoling Zhou , Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Ziyang Liang

Weight-space model merging combines independently fine-tuned models without accessing original training data, offering a practical alternative to joint training. While merging succeeds in multitask settings, its behavior in multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Baban Gain , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Universal medical image segmentation models have emerged as a promising paradigm due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks, showing great potential for a wide range of clinical applications. This potential has been partly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanwu Yang , Guinan Su , Jiesi Hu , Francesco Sammarco , Jonas Geiping , Thomas Wolfers

By merging models, AI systems can combine the distinct strengths of separate language models, achieving a balance between multiple capabilities without requiring substantial retraining. However, the integration process can be intricate due…

Merging parameter-efficient task experts has recently gained growing attention as a way to build modular architectures that can be rapidly adapted on the fly for specific downstream tasks, without requiring additional fine-tuning.…

Fine-tuning large language models (LMs) for individual tasks yields strong performance but is expensive for deployment and storage. Recent works explore model merging to combine multiple task-specific models into a single multi-task model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Haobo Zhang , Jiayu Zhou

Model merging aims to integrate multiple expert models into a single model that inherits their complementary strengths without incurring the inference-time cost of ensembling. Recent progress has shown that merging can be highly effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shilian Chen , Jie Zhou , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xin Li , Qi Feng , Liang He

Model merging has emerged as a promising technique for combining multiple fine-tuned models into a single multitask model without retraining. However, the factors that determine whether merging will succeed or fail remain poorly understood.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Adir Rahamim , Asaf Yehudai , Boaz Carmeli , Leshem Choshen , Yosi Mass , Yonatan Belinkov

Model merging has gained increasing attention due to its intriguing property: interpolating the parameters of different task-specific fine-tuned models leads to multi-task abilities. However, despite its empirical success, the underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zijun Chen , Zhanpeng Zhou , Bo Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Xi Sun , Junchi Yan

Two popular approaches for distributed training of SVMs on big data are parameter averaging and ADMM. Parameter averaging is efficient but suffers from loss of accuracy with increase in number of partitions, while ADMM in the feature space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Ayan Das , Sourangshu Bhattacharya

When finetuning multiple tasks altogether, it is important to carefully weigh them to get a good performance, but searching for good weights can be difficult and costly. Here, we propose to aid the search with fast previews to quickly get a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Hugo Monzón Maldonado , Thomas Möllenhoff , Nico Daheim , Iryna Gurevych , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan

Many pre-trained models (PTMs) are available in modern applications. Because different PTMs are often trained on different datasets, their performances can vary substantially for different new tasks, and the ranking of the candidates may…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Ziwen Gao , Baihua He , Yuhong Yang

Learning in deep weight spaces (DWS), where neural networks process the weights of other neural networks, is an emerging research direction, with applications to 2D and 3D neural fields (INRs, NeRFs), as well as making inferences about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Aviv Shamsian , Aviv Navon , David W. Zhang , Yan Zhang , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik , Haggai Maron

Model merging combines multiple fine-tuned models into a single model by adding their weight updates, providing a lightweight alternative to retraining. Existing methods primarily target resolving conflicts between task updates, leaving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yayuan Li , Ze Peng , Jian Zhang , Jintao Guo , Yue Duan , Yinghuan Shi

Transfer learning has become a powerful tool to initialize deep learning models to achieve faster convergence and higher performance. This is especially useful in the medical imaging analysis domain, where data scarcity limits possible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Ibrahim Almakky , Santosh Sanjeev , Anees Ur Rehman Hashmi , Mohammad Areeb Qazi , Hu Wang , Mohammad Yaqub

Model merging efficiently aggregates capabilities from multiple fine-tuned models into a single one, operating purely in parameter space without original data or expensive re-computation. Despite empirical successes, a unified theory for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Qinglun Li , Anke Tang , Miao Zhang , Mengzhu Wang , Quanjun Yin , Li Shen

Robust validation metrics remain essential in contemporary deep learning, not only to detect overfitting and poor generalization, but also to monitor training dynamics. In the supervised classification setting, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Florian A. Hölzl , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Model merging aims to combine multiple task-specific expert models into a single model while preserving generalization across diverse tasks. However, interference among experts, especially when they are trained on different objectives,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bo Xu , Haotian Wu , Hehai Lin , Weiquan Huang , Beier Zhu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin
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