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Weight-space merging aims to combine multiple fine-tuned LLMs into a single model without retraining, yet most existing approaches remain fundamentally parameter-space heuristics. This creates three practical limitations. First, linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jiayu Wang , Zuojun Ye , Wenpeng Yin

Model merging has emerged as a compelling data-free paradigm for multi-task learning, enabling the fusion of multiple fine-tuned models into a single, powerful entity. A key technique in merging methods is sparsification, which prunes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yingfeng Luo , Dingyang Lin , Junxin Wang , Ziqiang Xu , Kaiyan Chang , Tong Zheng , Bei Li , Anxiang Ma , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , Jingbo Zhu

Ensemble methods combine the predictions of multiple models to improve performance, but they require significantly higher computation costs at inference time. To avoid these costs, multiple neural networks can be combined into one by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Emy Gervais , Kilian Fatras , Yan Zhang , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has advanced with Speech Foundation Models (SFMs), yet performance degrades on dysarthric speech due to variability and limited data. This study as part of the submission to the Speech Accessibility…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Alexandre Ducorroy , Rachid Riad

Normalization methods such as batch [Ioffe and Szegedy, 2015], weight [Salimansand Kingma, 2016], instance [Ulyanov et al., 2016], and layer normalization [Baet al., 2016] have been widely used in modern machine learning. Here, we study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Xiaoxia Wu , Edgar Dobriban , Tongzheng Ren , Shanshan Wu , Zhiyuan Li , Suriya Gunasekar , Rachel Ward , Qiang Liu

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Weighted Model Integration (WMI) is a popular formalism aimed at unifying approaches for probabilistic inference in hybrid domains, involving logical and algebraic constraints. Despite a considerable amount of recent work, allowing WMI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Giuseppe Spallitta , Gabriele Masina , Paolo Morettin , Andrea Passerini , Roberto Sebastiani

Transformer architecture gradually dominates the LLM field. Recent advances in training optimization for Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on architectural modifications or optimizer adjustments. However, these…

Ensemble methods are widely employed to improve generalization in machine learning. This has also prompted the adoption of ensemble learning for the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models in performing link prediction. Typical approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Rupesh Sapkota , Caglar Demir , Arnab Sharma , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

The rapid evolution of molecular dynamics (MD) methods, including machine-learned dynamics, has outpaced the development of standardized tools for method validation. Objective comparison between simulation approaches is often hindered by…

While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Ruifeng She , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Model merging aims to cheaply combine individual task-specific models into a single multitask model. In this work, we view past merging methods as leveraging different notions of a ''task parameter subspace'' in which models are matched…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Derek Tam , Mohit Bansal , Colin Raffel

Regularization is a set of techniques that are used to improve the generalization ability of deep neural networks. In this paper, we introduce weight compander (WC), a novel effective method to improve generalization by reparameterizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Rinor Cakaj , Jens Mehnert , Bin Yang

Concept shift is a prevailing problem in natural tasks like medical image segmentation where samples usually come from different subpopulations with variant correlations between features and labels. One common type of concept shift in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Yijun Dong , Yuege Xie , Rachel Ward

The fine-tuning of pre-trained language models has resulted in the widespread availability of task-specific models. Model merging offers an efficient way to create multi-task models by combining these fine-tuned models at the parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sanwoo Lee , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Yunfang Wu

Model merging has emerged as an efficient method to combine multiple single-task fine-tuned models. The merged model can enjoy multi-task capabilities without expensive training. While promising, merging into a single model often suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Akash Dhasade , Divyansh Jhunjhunwala , Milos Vujasinovic , Gauri Joshi , Anne-Marie Kermarrec

The strong correlation between neurons or filters can significantly weaken the generalization ability of neural networks. Inspired by the well-known Tammes problem, we propose a novel diversity regularization method to address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Zhennan Wang , Canqun Xiang , Wenbin Zou , Chen Xu

Weight decay is often used to ensure good generalization in the training practice of deep neural networks with batch normalization (BN-DNNs), where some convolution layers are invariant to weight rescaling due to the normalization. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ziquan Liu , Yufei Cui , Jia Wan , Yu Mao , Antoni B. Chan

Model merging offers a training-free alternative to multi-task learning by combining independently fine-tuned models into a unified one without access to raw data. However, existing approaches often rely on heuristics to determine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chongjie Si , Kangtao Lv , Jingjing Jiang , Yadao Wang , Yongwei Wang , Xiaokang Yang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Wei Shen

Model merging has emerged as a practical paradigm for integrating multiple independently trained models into a single model without joint retraining. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of combining parameters through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhikang Chen , Sen Cui , Deheng Ye , Min Zhang , Gang Niu , Yu Zhang , Masashi Sugiyama , Tingting Zhu