Merging parameter-efficient task experts has recently gained growing attention as a way to build modular architectures that can be rapidly adapted on the fly for specific downstream tasks, without requiring additional fine-tuning. Typically, LoRA serves as the foundational building block of such parameter-efficient modular architectures, leveraging low-rank weight structures to reduce the number of trainable parameters. In this paper, we study the properties of sparse adapters, which train only a subset of weights in the base neural network, as potential building blocks of modular architectures. First, we propose a simple method for training highly effective sparse adapters, which is conceptually simpler than existing methods in the literature and surprisingly outperforms both LoRA and full fine-tuning in our setting. Next, we investigate the merging properties of these sparse adapters by merging adapters for up to 20 natural language processing tasks, thus scaling beyond what is usually studied in the literature. Our findings demonstrate that sparse adapters yield superior in-distribution performance post-merging compared to LoRA or full model merging. Achieving strong held-out performance remains a challenge for all methods considered.
@article{arxiv.2507.07140,
title = {Exploring Sparse Adapters for Scalable Merging of Parameter Efficient Experts},
author = {Samin Yeasar Arnob and Zhan Su and Minseon Kim and Oleksiy Ostapenko and Riyasat Ohib and Esra'a Saleh and Doina Precup and Lucas Caccia and Alessandro Sordoni},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.07140},
year = {2025}
}