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We establish a unified framework connecting decoherence and quantum complexity. By vectorizing the density matrix into a pure state in a double Hilbert space, a decoherence process is mapped to an imaginary-time evolution. Expanding this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Hung-Hsuan Teh , Takahiro Orito

Motivated by the desire to understand chaos in the $S$-matrix of string theory, we study tree level scattering amplitudes involving highly excited strings. While the amplitudes for scattering of light strings have been a hallmark of string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-18 David J. Gross , Vladimir Rosenhaus

Complexity is a fundamental characteristic of states within a quantum system. Its use is however mostly limited to bosonic systems, inhibiting its present applicability to supersymmetric theories. This is also relevant to its application to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-16 Rathindra N. Das , Saskia Demulder , Johanna Erdmenger , Christian Northe

We investigate Krylov complexity in a simple quantum mechanical model describing a black hole coupled to its radiation. The model is constructed as a simplified ``mini-BMN" matrix system inspired by a recent proposal of Maldacena. Our aim…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-19 Eric L Graef , Jeff Murugan , Horatiu Nastase , Hendrik J. R. van Zyl

We consider the statistics of the results of a measurement of the spreading operator in the Krylov basis generated by the Hamiltonian of a quantum system starting from a specified initial pure state. We first obtain the probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Yichao Fu , Keun-Young Kim , Kunal Pal , Kuntal Pal

We investigate chaotic dynamics in tree-level S-matrices describing the scattering of tachyons, photons and gravitons on highly excited open and closed bosonic strings, motivated by the string/black hole complementarity. The eigenphase…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-18 Nikola Savić , Mihailo Čubrović

In this work we study the relationship between quantum random walks on graphs and Krylov/spread complexity. We show that the latter's definition naturally emerges through a canonical method of reducing a graph to a chain, on which we can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-24 Dimitrios Patramanis , Watse Sybesma

One of the important open problems in quantum black hole physics is a dual interpretation of holographic complexity proposals. To date the only quantitative match is the equality between the Krylov spread complexity in triple-scaled SYK at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-10 Michal P. Heller , Jacopo Papalini , Tim Schuhmann

Heisenberg time evolution under a chaotic many-body Hamiltonian $H$ transforms an initially simple operator into an increasingly complex one, as it spreads over Hilbert space. Krylov complexity, or `K-complexity', quantifies this growth…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

We investigate the complexity of states and operators evolved with the modular Hamiltonian by using the Krylov basis. In the first part, we formulate the problem for states and analyse different examples, including quantum mechanics,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-27 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis , Erik Tonni

We explore spread and spectral complexity in quantum systems that exhibit a transition from integrability to chaos, namely the mixed-field Ising model and the next-to-nearest-neighbor deformation of the Heisenberg XXZ spin chain. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-04 Hugo A. Camargo , Kyoung-Bum Huh , Viktor Jahnke , Hyun-Sik Jeong , Keun-Young Kim , Mitsuhiro Nishida

Quantum chaotic systems are conjectured to display a spectrum whose fine-grained features (gaps and correlations) are well described by Random Matrix Theory (RMT). We propose and develop a complementary version of this conjecture: quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-08 Vijay Balasubramanian , Javier M. Magan , Qingyue Wu

In Hermitian systems, Krylov complexity has emerged as a powerful diagnostic of quantum dynamics, capable of distinguishing chaotic from integrable phases, in agreement with established probes such as spectral statistics and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-12 Matteo Baggioli , Kyoung-Bum Huh , Hyun-Sik Jeong , Xuhao Jiang , Keun-Young Kim , Juan F. Pedraza

In this work, we explore in detail, the time evolution of Krylov complexity. We demonstrate, through analytical computations, that in finite many-body systems, while ramp and plateau are two generic features of Krylov complexity, the manner…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-06 Mohsen Alishahiha , Souvik Banerjee , Mohammad Javad Vasli

We study operator spreading in many-body quantum systems by its potential to generate an informationally complete measurement record in quantum tomography. We adopt continuous weak measurement tomography for this purpose. We generate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Abinash Sahu , Naga Dileep Varikuti , Bishal Kumar Das , Vaibhav Madhok

We investigate Krylov spread complexity for the ground state of two-band Hamiltonians, where the reference state is a generic state on the Bloch sphere. The spread complexity is obtained by using a purely geometric formulation in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Rishav Chaudhuri , Ayush Raj , Soham Ray , Sai Satyam Samal

Krylov complexity, or K-complexity for short, has recently emerged as a new probe of chaos in quantum systems. It is a measure of operator growth in Krylov space, which conjecturally bounds the operator growth measured by the out of time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-04 Anatoly Dymarsky , Michael Smolkin

This paper investigates the notion of Krylov complexity, a measure of operator growth, within the framework of 1-matrix quantum mechanics (1-MQM). Krylov complexity quantifies how an operator evolves over time by expanding it in a series of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Niloofar Vardian

Krylov complexity has recently emerged as a new paradigm to characterize quantum chaos in many-body systems. However, which features of Krylov complexity are prerogative of quantum chaotic systems and how they relate to more standard…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-11 Matteo Baggioli , Kyoung-Bum Huh , Hyun-Sik Jeong , Keun-Young Kim , Juan F. Pedraza

We study Krylov complexity in various models of quantum field theory: free massive bosons and fermions on flat space and on spheres, holographic models, and lattice models with the UV-cutoff. In certain cases we find asymptotic behavior of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-26 Alexander Avdoshkin , Anatoly Dymarsky , Michael Smolkin