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A central problem in formulating a theory of quantum gravity is to determine the size and structure of the Hilbert space of black holes. Here we use a quantum dynamical Krylov complexity approach to calculate the Hilbert space dimension of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-04 Vijay Balasubramanian , Rathindra Nath Das , Johanna Erdmenger , Jonathan Karl , Herman Verlinde

For an infalling circular string, we study particle production, Krylov complexity, Lanczos coefficients, and operator growth induced by quantum fluctuations. Using canonical quantization in the squeezed state formalism, we show that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Ai-chen Li

In this work, we investigate the Krylov complexity in quantum optical systems subject to time--dependent classical external fields. We focus on various interacting quantum optical models, including a collection of two--level atoms, photonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 Abhishek Chowdhury , Aryabrat Mahapatra

Krylov complexity and Nielsen complexity are successful approaches to quantifying quantum evolution complexity that have been actively pursued without much contact between the two lines of research. The two quantities are motivated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Ben Craps , Oleg Evnin , Gabriele Pascuzzi

The dynamics of quantum systems unfolds within a subspace of the state space or operator space, known as the Krylov space. This review presents the use of Krylov subspace methods to provide an efficient description of quantum evolution and…

We develop a new technique for establishing quantitative propagation of chaos for systems of interacting particles. Using this technique we prove propagation of chaos for diffusing particles whose interaction kernel is merely H\"older…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-12-09 Thomas Holding

We propose a new diagnostic for quantum chaos. We show that time evolution of complexity for a particular type of target state can provide equivalent information about the classical Lyapunov exponent and scrambling time as out-of-time-order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-05 Tibra Ali , Arpan Bhattacharyya , S. Shajidul Haque , Eugene H. Kim , Nathan Moynihan , Jeff Murugan

Krylov complexity (K-complexity) is a measure of quantum state complexity that minimizes wavefunction spreading across all the possible bases. It serves as a key indicator of operator growth and quantum chaos. In this work, K-complexity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 J. Bharathi Kannan , Sreeram PG , Sanku Paul , S. Harshini Tekur , M. S. Santhanam

In this paper we study the notion of complexity under time evolution in chaotic quantum systems with holographic duals. Continuing on from our previous work, we turn our attention to the issue of Krylov complexity upon the insertion of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-10 Marco Ambrosini , Eliezer Rabinovici , Adrián Sánchez-Garrido , Ruth Shir , Julian Sonner

We compare Krylov's state complexity with an information-geometric (IG) measure of complexity for the quantum evolution of two-level systems. Focusing on qubit dynamics on the Bloch sphere, we analyze evolutions generated by stationary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Carlo Cafaro , Emma Clements , Vishnu Vardhan Anuboyina

We analyze the properties of Krylov state complexity in qubit dynamics, considering a single qubit and a qubit pair. A geometrical picture of the Krylov complexity is discussed for the single-qubit case, whereas it becomes non-trivial for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Siddharth Seetharaman , Chetanya Singh , Rejish Nath

We present a general framework in which both Krylov state and operator complexities can be put on the same footing. In our formalism, the Krylov complexity is defined in terms of the density matrix of the associated state which, for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-30 Mohsen Alishahiha , Souvik Banerjee

Krylov complexity has recently been proposed as a quantum probe of chaos. The Krylov exponent characterising the exponential growth of Krylov complexity is conjectured to upper-bound the Lyapunov exponent. We compute the Krylov and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-13 Shira Chapman , Saskia Demulder , Damián A. Galante , Sameer U. Sheorey , Osher Shoval

We point out an interesting connection between the mathematical framework of the Krylov basis, which is used to quantify quantum complexity, and the entanglement entropy in high-energy QCD. In particular, we observe that the cascade…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-25 Pawel Caputa , Krzysztof Kutak

We study the growth and saturation of Krylov spread (K-) complexity under random quantum circuits. In Haar-random unitary evolution, we show that, for large system sizes, K-complexity grows linearly before saturating at a late-time value of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Himanshu Sahu , Aranya Bhattacharya , Pingal Pratyush Nath

Krylov complexity, as a novel measure of operator complexity under Heisenberg evolution, exhibits many interesting universal behaviors and also bounds many other complexity measures. In this work, we study Krylov complexity $\mathcal{K}(t)$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-01 Haifeng Tang

We study the statistical properties of the spread complexity in the Krylov space of quantum systems driven across a quantum phase transition. Using the diabatic Magnus expansion, we map the evolution to an effective one-dimensional hopping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 András Grabarits , Adolfo del Campo

The quantum dynamics of a complex system can be efficiently described in Krylov space, the minimal subspace in which the dynamics unfolds. We apply the Krylov subspace method for Hamiltonian deformations, which provides a systematic way of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Kazutaka Takahashi , Pratik Nandy , Adolfo del Campo

We define a black hole state in a spin chain by studying thermal correlators in holography. Focusing on the Heisenberg model we investigate the thermal and complexity properties of the black hole state by evaluating its entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-09 Charlotte Kristjansen , Konstantin Zarembo

In quantum systems, purification can map mixed states into pure states and a non-unitary evolution into a unitary one by enlarging the Hilbert space. We establish a connection between the complexities of mixed quantum states and their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-22 Rathindra Nath Das , Takato Mori