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Machine learning has been a popular tool in many different fields, including procedural content generation. However, procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) approaches can struggle with controllability and coherence. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Kynan Sorochan , Jerry Chen , Yakun Yu , Matthew Guzdial

Task environments developed in Minecraft are becoming increasingly popular for artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, most of these are currently constructed manually, thus failing to take advantage of procedural content generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Adarsh Pyarelal , Aditya Banerjee , Kobus Barnard

The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the level of research interest in procedural content generation (PCG) for digital games, and there are now numerous research avenues focused on new approaches for driving and applying PCG…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Oliver Withington , Laurissa Tokarchuk

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) methods are valuable tools to speed up the game development process. Moreover, PCG may also present in games as features, such as the procedural dungeon generation (PDG) in Moonlighter (Digital Sun,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Breno M. F. Viana , Leonardo T. Pereira , Claudio F. M. Toledo

This paper introduces the Procedural Content Generation Benchmark for evaluating generative algorithms on different game content creation tasks. The benchmark comes with 12 game-related problems with multiple variants on each problem.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Ahmed Khalifa , Roberto Gallotta , Matthew Barthet , Antonios Liapis , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Controllable Text Generation (CTG) has become a critical technology for enhancing system reliability and user experience. Addressing the limitations of traditional methods, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yan Zhuang , Yuan Sun

Procedural content generation (PCG) can be applied to a wide variety of tasks in games, from narratives, levels and sounds, to trees and weapons. A large amount of game content is comprised of graphical assets, such as clouds, buildings or…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Kaisei Fukaya , Damon Daylamani-Zad , Harry Agius

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) enable compelling story generation, but connecting narrative text to playable visual environments remains an open challenge in procedural content generation (PCG). We present a lightweight…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yi-Chun Chen , Arnav Jhala

Achieving optimal balance in games is essential to their success, yet reliant on extensive manual work and playtesting. To facilitate this process, the Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) framework has recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Florian Rupp , Alessandro Puddu , Christian Becker-Asano , Kai Eckert

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

We introduce the concept of Procedural Content Generation via Knowledge Transformation (PCG-KT), a new lens and framework for characterizing PCG methods and approaches in which content generation is enabled by the process of knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Anurag Sarkar , Matthew Guzdial , Sam Snodgrass , Adam Summerville , Tiago Machado , Gillian Smith

Procedural content generation (PCG) is of great interest to game design and development as it generates game content automatically. Motivated by the recent learning-based PCG framework and other existing PCG works, we propose an alternative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-03 Peizhi Shi , Ke Chen

We investigate how reinforcement learning can be used to train level-designing agents. This represents a new approach to procedural content generation in games, where level design is framed as a game, and the content generator itself is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Ahmed Khalifa , Philip Bontrager , Sam Earle , Julian Togelius

The rapid advancement of Text-to-Image(T2I) generative models has enabled the synthesis of high-quality images guided by textual descriptions. Despite this significant progress, these models are often susceptible in generating contents that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yichen Sun , Zhixuan Chu , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

The paper presents the PCGPT framework, an innovative approach to procedural content generation (PCG) using offline reinforcement learning and transformer networks. PCGPT utilizes an autoregressive model based on transformers to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sajad Mohaghegh , Mohammad Amin Ramezan Dehnavi , Golnoosh Abdollahinejad , Matin Hashemi

We introduce Chunk-Distilled Language Modeling (CD-LM), an approach to text generation that addresses two challenges in current large language models (LLMs): the inefficiency of token-level generation, and the difficulty of adapting to new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yanhong Li , Karen Livescu , Jiawei Zhou

Human reasoning can distill principles from observed patterns and generalize them to explain and solve novel problems. The most powerful artificial intelligence systems lack explainability and symbolic reasoning ability, and have therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Paul J. Blazek , Kesavan Venkatesh , Milo M. Lin

Procedural city generation that focuses on believability and adaptability to random terrain is a difficult challenge in the field of Procedural Content Generation (PCG). Dozens of researchers compete for a realistic approach in challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Arthur van der Staaij , Jelmer Prins , Vincent L. Prins , Julian Poelsma , Thera Smit , Matthias Müller-Brockhausen , Mike Preuss

Procedural content generation in video games has a long history. Existing procedural content generation methods, such as search-based, solver-based, rule-based and grammar-based methods have been applied to various content types such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jialin Liu , Sam Snodgrass , Ahmed Khalifa , Sebastian Risi , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Julian Togelius

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great ability in generating executable code from natural language, opening the possibility of automatically constructing environments for AI agents. Recent work on Code World Models (CWMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tyrone Serapio , Arjun Prakash , Haoyang Xu , Kevin Wang , Amy Greenwald