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Whenever graphs admit equitable partitions, their quotient graphs highlight the structure evidenced by the partition. It is therefore very natural to ask what can be said about two graphs that have the same quotient according to certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Frederico Cançado , Gabriel Coutinho

Circulant graphs are a widely studied family of graphs whose members possess varying amounts of symmetry. Although considerable progress has been made in finding the automorphism groups of circulant graphs under certain restrictions, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Sally Cockburn , Ryhory Hatavets , Will Swartz

New criteria for which Cayley graphs of cyclic groups of any order can be completely determined--up to isomorphism--by the eigenvalues of their adjacency matrices is presented. Secondly, a new construction for pairs of nonisomorphic Cayley…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-04-14 Julia Brown

Let $n$ be any positive integer, the friendship graph $F_n$ consist of $n$ edge-disjoint triangles that all of them meeting in one vertex. A graph $G$ is called cospectral with a graph $H$ if their adjacency matrices have the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-13 Alireza Abdollahi , Shahrooz Janbaz

Several researchers have recently explored various graph parameters that can or cannot be characterized by the spectrum of a matrix associated with a graph. In this paper we show that several NP-hard zero forcing numbers are not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-25 Aida Abiad , Boris Brimkov , Jane Breen , Thomas R. Cameron , Himanshu Gupta , Ralihe R. Villagrán

Assumed to be undirected, simple, and connected are all of the graphs in this study, and adjacency matrix $A$ serves as the associated matrix. In this paper we show that it is possible to relate a creation sequence for a type of cographs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Santanu Mandal , Ranjit Mehatari

The intention of the paper is to move a step towards a classification of network topologies that exhibit periodic quantum dynamics. We show that the evolution of a quantum system, whose hamiltonian is identical to the adjacency matrix of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nitin Saxena , Simone Severini , Igor Shparlinski

The search for a highly discriminating and easily computable invariant to distinguish graphs remains a challenging research topic. Here we focus on cospectral graphs whose complements are also cospectral (generalized cospectral), and on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-17 Aida Abiad , Carlos A. Alfaro , Ralihe R. Villagrán

We formalize the notion of a sedentary vertex and present a relaxation of the concept of a sedentary family of graphs introduced by Godsil [Linear Algebra Appl. 614:356-375, 2021]. We provide sufficient conditions for a given vertex in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Hermie Monterde

It is well known that a graph is bipartite if and only if the spectrum of its adjacency matrix is symmetric. In the present paper, this assertion is dissected into three separate matrix results of wider scope, which are extended also to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-11 V. Nikiforov

Let $M\circ N$ denote the Schur product of two matrices $M$ and $N$. A graph $X$ with adjacency matrix $A$ is walk regular if $A^k\circ I$ is a constant times $I$ for each $k\ge0$, and $X$ is 1-walk-regular if it is walk regular and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Chris Godsil , Wanting Sun , Xiaohong Zhang

We prove that for every pair of quantum isomorphic graphs, their block trees and their block graphs are isomorphic, and that such an isomorphism can be chosen so that the corresponding blocks are quantum isomorphic -- in particular,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Amaury Freslon , Paul Meunier , Pegah Pournajafi

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

Let $\lambda_{i}(G)$ be the $i$-th largest Laplacian eigenvalues of graph $G$, where $1\le i\le |V(G)|$. Liu, Yuan, You and Chen [Discrete Math., 341 (2018) 2969--2976] raised the problem for ``Which cospectral graphs have same degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Jiachang Ye

Switching is an operation on a graph that does not change the spectrum of the adjacency matrix, thus producing cospectral graphs. An important activity in the field of spectral graph theory is the characterization of graphs by their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Aida Abiad , Nils Van de Berg , Robin Simoens

Determining whether two graphs are structurally identical is a fundamental problem with applications spanning mathematics, computer science, chemistry, and network science. Despite decades of study, graph isomorphism remains a challenging…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Sara Najem , Amer E. Mouawad

We investigate the structure of conformally rigid graphs. Graphs are conformally rigid if introducing edge weights cannot increase (decrease) the second (last) eigenvalue of the Graph Laplacian. Edge-transitive graphs and distance-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-26 João Gouveia , Stefan Steinerberger , Rekha R. Thomas

Let A be a graph type and B an equivalence relation on a group $G$. Let $[g]$ be the equivalence class of $g$ with respect to the equivalence relation B. The B superA graph of $G$ is an undirected graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-24 G. Arunkumar , Peter J. Cameron , R. Ganeshbabu , Rajat Kanti Nath

The distance energy of a graph $G$ is a recently developed energy-type invariant, defined as the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the distance matrix of $G$. There was a vast research for the pairs and families of non-cospectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-07 Aleksandar Ili\' c

The non-commuting graph $\Gamma_R$ of a finite ring $R$ with center $Z(R)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R \setminus Z(R)$ and two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if $ab \ne ba$. In this paper, we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-03-16 J. Dutta , D. K. Basnet