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A drawing of a graph is $k$-plane if every edge contains at most $k$ crossings. A $k$-plane drawing is saturated if we cannot add any edge so that the drawing remains $k$-plane. It is well-known that saturated $0$-plane drawings, that is,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 János Barát , Géza Tóth

The vertex-deleted subgraph G-v, obtained from the graph G by deleting the vertex v and all edges incident to v, is called a card of G. The deck of G is the multiset of its unlabelled cards. The number of common cards b(G,H) of G and H is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-19 Paul Brown , Trevor Fenner

The \emph{Tur\'an function} $\ex(n,F)$ of a graph $F$ is the maximum number of edges in an $F$-free graph with $n$ vertices. The classical results of Tur\'an and Rademacher from 1941 led to the study of supersaturated graphs where the key…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Oleg Pikhurko , Zelealem B. Yilma

An $\mathcal{F}$-saturated $r$-graph is a maximal $r$-graph not containing any member of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph. Let $\mathcal{K}_{\ell + 1}^{r}$ be the collection of all $r$-graphs $F$ with at most $\binom{\ell+1}{2}$ edges such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Jianfeng Hou , Heng Li , Caihong Yang , Qinghou Zeng , Yixiao Zhang

Fix graphs $F$ and $H$. Let $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)$ denote the maximum number of copies of a graph $H$ in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. In this note we will give a new general supersaturation result for $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)$ in the case when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Anastasia Halfpap , Cory Palmer

A degree monotone path in a graph $G$ is a path $P$ such that the sequence of degrees of the vertices in the order in which they appear on $P$ is monotonic. The length of the longest degree monotone path in $G$ is denoted by $mp(G)$. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-19 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

Given a graph $F$ and a positive integer $n$, the weak $F$-saturation number $\mathrm{wsat}(K_n,F)$ is the minimum number of edges in a graph $H$ on $n$ vertices such that the edges missing in $H$ can be added, one at a time, so that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Nikolai Terekhov , Maksim Zhukovskii

A convex geometric hypergraph (abbreviated cgh) consists of a collection of subsets of a strictly convex set of points in the plane. Extremal problems for cgh's have been extensively studied in the literature, and in this paper we consider…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Jason O'Neill , Sam Spiro

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph. A matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is a collection of edges of $G$ such that no two edges from $M$ share a vertex. A matching $M$ is maximal if it cannot be extended to a larger matching in $G$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Saeid Alikhani , Neda Soltani

For a set of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, the extremal number $ex(n;\mathcal{F})$ is the maximum number of edges in a graph of order $n$ not containing any subgraph isomorphic to some graph in $\mathcal{F}$. If $\mathcal{F}$ contains a graph on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-06 Jian Wang , Weihua Yang

In this paper we study the Spanning Tree Congestion problem, where we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and are asked to find a spanning tree $T$ of minimum maximum congestion. Here, the congestion of an edge $e\in T$ is the number of edges…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Michael Lampis , Valia Mitsou , Edouard Nemery , Yota Otachi , Manolis Vasilakis , Daniel Vaz

A graph $G$ is uniquely $H$-saturated if it contains no copy of a graph $H$ as a subgraph, but adding any new edge into $G$ creates exactly one copy of $H$. Let $C_{4}^{+}$ be the diamond graph consisting of a $4$-cycle $C_{4}$ with one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-25 Yuying Li , Kexiang Xu , Dániel Gerbner , Wenzhong Liu

A graph $G$ is $F$-saturated if it contains no copy of $F$ as a subgraph but the addition of any new edge to $G$ creates a copy of $F$. We prove that for $s \geq 3$ and $t \geq 2$, the minimum number of copies of $K_{1,t}$ in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Beka Ergemlidze , Abhishek Methuku , Michael Tait , Craig Timmons

For graphs $G$ and $H$, an $H$-coloring of $G$ is an adjacency preserving map from the vertices of $G$ to the vertices of $H$. $H$-colorings generalize such notions as independent sets and proper colorings in graphs. There has been much…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-21 John Engbers , David Galvin

For $n \geq 15$, we prove that the minimum number of triangles in an $n$-vertex $K_4$-saturated graph with minimum degree 4 is exactly $2n-4$, and that there is a unique extremal graph. This is a triangle version of a result of Alon,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-06 Benjamin Cole , Albert Curry , David Davini , Craig Timmons

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a family of digraphs. A digraph $D$ is \emph{$\mathcal{D}$-saturated} if it contains no member of $\mathcal{D}$ as a subdigraph, but for any arc $e$ in the complement of $D$, the digraph $D + e$ contains some member of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Qinglin Wang , Yingzhi Tian

An extremal graph for a given graph $H$ is a graph on $n$ vertices with maximum number of edges that does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Let $s,t$ be integers and let $H_{s,t}$ be a graph consisting of $s$ triangles and $t$ cycles of odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-05 Xinmin Hou , Yu Qiu , Boyuan Liu

Given a family of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, we consider the $\mathcal{F}$-saturation game. In this game two players alternate adding edges to an initially empty graph on $n$ vertices, with the only constraint being that neither player can add…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Sam Spiro

An independent edge set of graph $G$ is a matching, and is maximal if it is not a proper subset of any other matching of $G$. The number of all the maximal matchings of $G$ is denoted by $\Psi(G)$. In this paper, an algorithm to count…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Lingjuan Shi , Wei Li , Kai Deng

A graph $G$ is said to be Hamiltonian if it contains a spanning cycle. In this work, we investigate the Hamiltonian completeness of certain classes of caterpillar graphs, which are trees with a central path to which all other vertices are…