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Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) systems have surged attention and held a fundamental role in contemporary cryptography. Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zk-SNARK) protocols dominate the ZKP usage, implemented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qizhe Yang , Boxuan Liang , Hao Chen , Guoqiang Li

While the amount of data produced and accumulated continues to advance at unprecedented rates, protection and concealment of data increase its prominence as a field of scientific study that requires more action. It is essential to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Cansu Betin Onur

Privacy concerns in machine learning systems have grown significantly with the increasing reliance on sensitive user data for training large-scale models. This paper introduces a novel framework combining Probably Approximately Correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Guilhem Repetto , Nojan Sheybani , Gabrielle De Micheli , Farinaz Koushanfar

Over recent decades, machine learning has significantly advanced network communication, enabling improved decision-making, user behavior analysis, and fault detection. Decentralized approaches, where participants exchange computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhibo Xing , Zijian Zhang , Ziang Zhang , Zhen Li , Meng Li , Jiamou Liu , Zongyang Zhang , Yi Zhao , Qi Sun , Liehuang Zhu , Giovanni Russello

Generative AI, exemplified by models like transformers, has opened up new possibilities in various domains but also raised concerns about fairness, transparency and reliability, especially in fields like medicine and law. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Bianca-Mihaela Ganescu , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have evolved from being a theoretical concept providing privacy and verifiability to having practical, real-world implementations, with SNARKs (Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) emerging as one of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Stefanos Chaliasos , Jens Ernstberger , David Theodore , David Wong , Mohammad Jahanara , Benjamin Livshits

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) are becoming a gold standard in scaling blockchains and bringing Web3 to life. At the same time, ZKP for transactions running on the Ethereum Virtual Machine require powerful servers with hundreds of CPU cores.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Dumitrel Loghin , Shuang Liang , Shengwei Liu , Xiong Liu , Pingcheng Ruan , Zhigang Ye

Zero-knowledge proofs allow verification of computations without revealing private information. However, existing systems require memory proportional to the computation size, which has historically limited use in large-scale applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Logan Nye

In last years, there has been an increasing effort to leverage Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain. One of the main topics of interest, given its importance, is the research and development of privacy mechanisms, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Eduardo Morais , Tommy Koens , Cees van Wijk , Aleksei Koren

Data valuation is a foundational task in data marketplaces, where a Shapley-value attribution determines how a buyer's payment is distributed among data providers. Typically, the marketplace operator runs this attribution alone, requiring…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhaoyu Wang , Pingchuan Ma , Zhantong Xue , Yuguang Zhou , Qixin Zhang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Shuai Wang

Classical software verification and validation techniques, such as procedural audits, formal methods, or model documentation, are the traditional mechanisms used to achieve the verifiable accountability now required by regulations like the…

Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-Proofs) are communication protocols by which a prover can demonstrate to a verifier that it possesses a solution to a given public problem without revealing the content of the solution. Arbitrary computations can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Armando Cruz

Zero-knowledge proofs have always provided a clear solution when it comes to conveying information from a prover to a verifier or vice versa without revealing essential information about the process. Advancements in zero-knowledge have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Aritra Banerjee , Michael Clear , Hitesh Tewari

A Zero-Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) allows one party to convince another party of a fact without disclosing any extra knowledge except the validity of the fact. For example, it could be used to allow a customer to prove their identity to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Claude Crépeau , John Stuart

We introduce Zero-Knowledge Location Privacy (ZKLP), enabling users to prove to third parties that they are within a specified geographical region while not disclosing their exact location. ZKLP supports varying levels of granularity,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jens Ernstberger , Chengru Zhang , Luca Ciprian , Philipp Jovanovic , Sebastian Steinhorst

Recent advances in the cryptographic field of "Zero-Knowledge Proofs" have sparked a new wave of research, giving birth to many exciting theoretical approaches in the last few years. Such research has often overlapped with the need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Mario Alessandro Barbara

Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zkSNARK) allows a party, known as the prover, to convince another party, known as the verifier, that he knows a private value $v$, without revealing it, such that $F(u,v)=y$ for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Ali Rahimi , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

We present the first constructions of single-prover proof systems that achieve perfect zero knowledge (PZK) for languages beyond NP, under no intractability assumptions: 1. The complexity class #P has PZK proofs in the model of Interactive…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-10-13 Eli Ben-Sasson , Alessandro Chiesa , Michael A. Forbes , Ariel Gabizon , Michael Riabzev , Nicholas Spooner

Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARKs) are a powerful tool for proving computation correctness, attracting significant interest from researchers, developers, and users. However, the complexity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Junkai Liang , Daqi Hu , Pengfei Wu , Yunbo Yang , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu

We live in an era of information and it is very important to handle the exchange of information. While sending data to an authorized source, we need to protect it from unauthorized sources, changes, and authentication. ZKP technique can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Lavish Saluja , Ashutosh Bhatia